Showing papers by "Johannes Beck published in 2016"

Role of calcium, glutamate and NMDA in major depression and therapeutic application

Abstract: Major depression is a common, recurrent mental illness that affects millions of people worldwide. Recently, a unique fast neuroprotective and antidepressant treatment effect has been observed by ketamine, which acts via the glutamatergic system. Hence, a steady accumulation of evidence supporting a role for the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter (EAA) glutamate in the treatment of depression has been observed in the last years. Emerging evidence indicates that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) agonists have antidepressant properties. Indeed, treatment with NMDA receptor antagonists has shown the ability to sprout new synaptic connections and reverse stress-induced neuronal changes. Based on glutamatergic signaling, a number of therapeutic drugs might gain interest in the future. Several compounds such as ketamine, memantine, amantadine, tianeptine, pioglitazone, riluzole, lamotrigine, AZD6765, magnesium, zinc, guanosine, adenosine aniracetam, traxoprodil (CP-101,606), MK-0657, GLYX-13, NRX-1047, Ro25-6981, LY392098, LY341495, D-cycloserine, D-serine, dextromethorphan, sarcosine, scopolamine, pomaglumetad methionil, LY2140023, LY404039, MGS0039, MPEP, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, all of which target this system, have already been brought up, some of them recently. Drugs targeting the glutamatergic system might open up a promising new territory for the development of drugs to meet the needs of patients with major depression.

Dissociation in Rating Negative Facial Emotions between Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract: Objective Features of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) such as executive dysfunction, apathy, and impaired empathic abilities are also observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). This may contribute to the reason why early stage bvFTD is often misdiagnosed as MDD. New assessment tools are thus needed to improve early diagnosis of bvFTD. Although emotion processing is affected in bvFTD and MDD, growing evidence indicates that the pattern of emotion processing deficits varies between the two disorders. As such, emotion processing paradigms have substantial potentials to distinguish bvFTD from MDD. Design and Participants The current study compared 25 patients with bvFTD, 21 patients with MDD, 21 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia, and 31 healthy participants on a novel facial emotion intensity rating task. Stimuli comprised morphed faces from the Ekman and Friesen stimulus set containing faces of each sex with two different degrees of emotion intensity for each of the six basic emotions. Measurements and Results Analyses of covariance uncovered a significant dissociation between bvFTD and MDD patients in rating the intensity of negative emotions overall (i.e., bvFTD patients underrated negative emotions overall, whereas MDD patients overrated negative emotions overall compared with healthy participants). In contrast, AD dementia patients rated negative emotions similarly to healthy participants, suggesting no impact of cognitive deficits on rating facial emotions. Conclusions By strongly differentiating bvFTD and MDDpatients through negative facial emotions, this sensitive and short rating task might help improve the early diagnosis of bvFTD.

Die Akutbehandlung depressiver Episoden

Abstract: Diese Behandlungsempfehlungen der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur Angst und Depression und der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur Biologische Psychiatrie wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie auf der Grundlage von Leitlinien der «World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry» und der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde erstellt.

Mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the major player of total BDNF in serum regarding prediction of antidepressant treatment outcome

Abstract: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neuroplasticity and pathophysiology of major depression (Hashimoto, 2010). SerumBDNF levels are decreased inmajor depression and tend to normalize under antidepressant treatment (Bocchio-Chiavetto et al. 2010). Moreover, baseline serum BDNF levels as well as its early rise have been found predictive to antidepressant treatment outcome (Mikoteit et al. 2014; Giese et al. 2014). BDNF is initially synthesized as precursor protein proBDNF, and mature BDNF (mBDNF) is derived by proteolytic cleavage. Only mBDNF exerts neurotrophic activity, while proBDNF has opposing functions. Remarkably, in most clinical studies, the unspecific BDNF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits applied did not distinguish between proand mBDNF (BocchioChiavetto et al. 2010). Therefore, our aim was to explore if a specific ELISA kit for mBDNF (Human BDNF ELISA SK00752-1, Aviscera Bioscience, Santa Clara, CA, USA) in serum would be superior to the assessment of total serum BDNF, by using an unspecific antibody recognizing both proand mBDNF (BDNF Emax ImmunoAssay Systems, Promega, Switzerland), in predicting treatment response in major depression.

Erhaltungstherapie und Rezidiv­prophylaxe unipolarer depressiver Störungen

Abstract: Diese Behandlungsempfehlungen der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur Angst und Depression und der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur Biologische Psychiatrie wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie auf der Grundlage der Leitlinien der «World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry» und der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde erstellt.

Traitement d’entretien et prévention des récidives des troubles dépressifs unipolaires : Traitement somatique des troubles dépressifs unipolaires: mise à jour 2016, partie 2

Abstract: Ces recommandations de traitement de la Societe suisse des troubles anxieux et de la depression et de la Societe suisse de psychiatrie biologique ont ete elaborees conjointement avec la Societe suisse de psychiatrie et psychotherapie suivant les lignes directrices de la «World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry» et de la «Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde».

Traitement aigu des épisodes dépressifs : Traitement somatique des troubles dépressifs unipolaires: mise à jour 2016, partie 1

Abstract: Ces recommandations de traitement de la Societe suisse pour les troubles anxieux et de depression et de la Societe suisse de psychiatrie biologique ont ete elaborees conjointement avec la Societe suisse de psychiatrie et psychotherapie suivant des lignes directrices de la «World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry» et de la Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde.

Traitement d’entretien et prévention des récidives des troubles dépressifs unipolaires

Abstract: Ces recommandations de traitement de la Societe suisse des troubles anxieux et de la depression et de la Societe suisse de psychiatrie biologique ont ete elaborees conjointement avec la Societe suisse de psychiatrie et psychotherapie suivant les lignes directrices de la «World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry» et de la «Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde».

Traitement aigu des épisodes dépressifs

Abstract: Ces recommandations de traitement de la Societe suisse pour les troubles anxieux et de depression et de la Societe suisse de psychiatrie biologique ont ete elaborees conjointement avec la Societe suisse de psychiatrie et psychotherapie suivant des lignes directrices de la «World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry» et de la Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde.