A new method is presented for quantifying proteomic and metabolomic profile data by liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC−MS) with electrospray ionization. This biotechnology provides differential expression measurements and enables the discovery of biological markers (biomarkers). Work presented here uses human serum but is applicable to any fluid or tissue. The approach relies on linearity of signal versus molecular concentration and reproducibility of sample processing. There is no use of isotopic labeling or chemically similar standard materials. Linear standard curves are reported for a variety of compounds introduced into human serum. As a measure of analytical reproducibility for proteome and metabolome sampling, median coefficients of variation of 25.7 and 23.8%, respectively, were determined for ∼3400 molecular ions (not counting their numerous isotopes) from 25 independently processed human serum samples, corresponding to a total of 85 000 individual molecular ion measurements.

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Quantification of proteins and metabolites by mass spectrometry without isotopic labeling or spiked standards

An improved procedure for the methylation analysis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

Using Cellosolve as a solubilizing additive, up to 5.84 ml of aqueous bicarbonate solutions and essentially equivalent amounts of urine and plasma containing carbon-14- sodium carbonate can be assayed by liquid scintillation counting techniques. Of particular significance is the realization of determining carbon-14 activity with relatively high efficiency in the important biological fluids. (auth)

Determination of carbon-14 in aqueous bicarbonate solutions by liquid scintillation counting techniques. application to biological fluids

The suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological investigations is reviewed. Total dose administered and route of administration are recognized as factors having a great influence on both resting parameters and biological responses to drugs. A peculiar characteristic of urethane is represented by its ability to induce a surgical plane of anesthesia without affecting neurotransmission in various subcortical areas and the peripheral nervous system. This makes urethane a suitable general anesthetic for studying neural function in both central and peripheral nervous systems and accounts for the preservation of a number of reflex responses in urethane-anesthetized animals.

Suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological investigations in various systems. Part 1: General considerations.

(1980). Chlorinated Phenols: Occurrence, Toxicity, Metabolism, And Environmental Impact. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1-35.

Chlorinated Phenols: Occurrence, Toxicity, Metabolism, And Environmental Impact

Slow neutron activation analysis has been applied successfully to the analysis of pure samples of arsenic trioxide, carbarsone, oxophenarsine, antimony potassium tartrate, and stibophen, the average error being between 4 and 5 per cent. Sample processing and chemical separations were not required in the procedures. The effect of beta-emitting isotopes on the gamma-ray scintillation spectrometer was investigated and the detection levels of phosphorus-32 determined with and without shielding.

Activation Analysis of Certain Arsenic and Antimony-Containing Pharmaceuticals and the Effect of Beta-Emitting Isotopes

The effect of chlorophyllins on various odorants was studied using an improved surface tension method for the detection of odorant substances. It was found that certain odorants could be detected and measured by the technique while others could not and that the effect of chlorophyllins on the various odorants could be studied by the method employed.

The effect of chlorophyllins on various odorants as measured by surface tension changes of liquids

The most significant conclusion from the data collected is that the 2-nitro-1,1-bis-p-chlorophenylpropane and/or its metabolites are very poorly absorbed from the surface of the leaf and accordingly are not translocated throughout the plant to any significant degree. No measurable amount of the insecticide was found in the roots or in the bean at any time intervals over the 40 day span of study following foliar application. Only minor amounts of the compound representing about 3 percent of that originally applied to the leaf was observed in the stem and untreated leaves, signifying a small amount of absorption and translocation within the first 9 days after application.

Biological fate studies of 2-nitro-1,1-bis-p-chlorophenylpropane.

This investigation was undertaken in order to define the central nervous system distribution pattern of C-14 carbonyl salicylamide in the rat, as a possible basis of explaining the higher level of analgetic activity of this drug as compared to other compounds of the salicylate group. The metabolic products of salicylamide in this species were identified. Various tissues were then examined for the presence of metabolic products.

The metabolism and central nervous system distribution of C-14 carbonyl salicylamide in the rat.

An integrating sphere reflectance attachment was built for the Beckman DU spectrophotometer. This apparatus was then applied to the problem of determining color stability in a bentonite base cream. Rate constants for the decrease in reflectance of the cream aged at room temperature, 55°;, 60°;, 65°;, 70°;, and 75°; were determined. A theoretical rate constant at 25°; was found by use of the Arrhenius relation of reaction rate to absolute temperature. This value was used to predict color stability at 25°;. Reflectance measurements were also made on coated tablets and powders.

John E. Christian

Papers

Activation Analysis of Certain Arsenic and Antimony-Containing Pharmaceuticals and the Effect of Beta-Emitting Isotopes

The effect of chlorophyllins on various odorants as measured by surface tension changes of liquids

Biological fate studies of 2-nitro-1,1-bis-p-chlorophenylpropane.

The metabolism and central nervous system distribution of C-14 carbonyl salicylamide in the rat.

Some Applications of an Integrating Sphere Reflectometer to Pharmaceutical Problems