Showing papers by "John Mitchell Thompson published in 2012"
TL;DR: Calpain-system gene markers have beneficial effects on eating quality, consistent with previous findings for objective meat quality.
Abstract: We investigated the effects of calpainsystem genetic markers on consumer beef quality ratings, including interactions of marker effects with hormonalgrowth promotant (HGP) use and tenderstretch hanging. Brahman cattle in New South Wales (NSW; n = 164) and Western Australia (WA; n = 141) were selectedat weaning from commercial and research herds to achieve balance and divergence in calpastatin (CAST) and calpain 3 (CAPN3) gene marker status. Genotypesfor μ-calpain (CAPN1-4751 and CAPN1-316) were also determined. Angus cattle (49 in NSW, 17 in WA) with favorable CAST and CAPN3 alleles, balanced for CAPN1-316 status, were also studied. Half the cattle at each site had HGP (Revalor-H, containing 200 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg 17β-estradiol) implants during grain finishing. One side of each carcass was suspended from the Achilles tendon (AT) and the other from the pelvis [tenderstretch (TS)]. Meat StandardsAustralia consumer panels scored 7-d aged striploin steaks from both AT and TS sides, and 7-d aged rump and oyster blade steaks from the AT side of each carcass. Two favorable CAST alleles increased tenderness ratings of AT-striploin, TS-striploin, rump, and oyster blade steaks by, respectively, 6.1, 4.2, 4.2, and 3.1 units, and overall liking by 4.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.7 (all P < 0.04). Two favorable CAPN1-4751 alleles increased tenderness of AT-striploin, TS-striploin, and rump steaks by 6.5, 4.3, and 3.9 units, and overall liking by 5.6, 3.1, and 4.1 units. Two favorable CAPN3 alleles improved rump steaks by 3.7, 3.3, 3.7, and 3.5 units, for tenderness, juiciness, liking the flavor, and overall liking. There were no significant CAPN1-316 effects. The effect of HGP was greatestfor the AT-striploin (reducing tenderness and overall liking by 8.2 units, P < 0.001), then TS-striploin (-5.6 for tenderness, -5.0 for overall liking, P < 0.001), and then rump (-4.4 for tenderness, -3.3 for overall liking, P < 0.007). Processing conditions differed considerably between NSW and WA. Rump steaks from NSW scored about 10 units greater than those from WA, but Angus and Brahman steaks from the same location with the same marker alleles had similar scores. In contrast, NSW Angus striploin steaks scored about 15 units greater for tenderness and overall liking (P < 0.001) than cattlewith the same marker alleles at the other 3 location × breed combinations, which had generally similar scores. Therefore, calpain-system gene markers have beneficial effects on eating quality, consistent with our previous findings for objective meat quality.
25 citations
TL;DR: The MSA voluntary meat grading system was introduced by the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) to provide an accurate prediction of beef eating quality for the domestic market as discussed by the authors, and the gross benefits associated with using the MSA system were quantified by using data on the number of carcases graded and certified.
Abstract: Meat and Livestock Australia and the Cooperative Research Centre for Cattle and Meat Quality funded a major R&D program in the mid 1990s to investigate the relationships between observable beef and cattle characteristics, cooking methods and consumer appreciation of beef palatability. Out of this R&D program grew the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) voluntary meat grading system which was aimed primarily at providing an accurate prediction of beef eating quality for the domestic market. The MSA system commenced operations in 1999/2000. The gross benefits associated with using the MSA system were quantified by using data on the number of carcases graded and certified, a survey of retailers and wholesalers based on prices for MSA graded beef (3 star or better) versus ungraded beef, and market reports of prices paid for MSA quality cattle versus non-MSA quality cattle. Over the period 2004/05 to 2010/11, beef consumers across Australia were prepared to pay on average $0.30/kg extra for MSA branded beef on a carcass weight equivalent basis to guarantee tenderness. This beef is primarily sold through independent butcher shops, although one of the major supermarket chains has now started selling MSA branded beef. The retailers kept about $0.06/kg and paid their wholesale suppliers the remaining $0.24/kg to source MSA compliant cattle and MSA graded carcasses. About $0.13/kg was passed back to cattle producers on average. The cumulative retail-level economic benefit of the MSA system to 2010/11 is estimated to be around $523 million, with a current annual benefit of around $77 million over the past three years. After accounting for all the costs of development and implementation, net benefits are at least $200 million.
16 citations
TL;DR: Smart stretch provided significant improvements in tenderness of the individual muscles in hot-boned sheep hindlegs using a prototype device (SmartStretch™), and there was a significant interaction between stretch treatment and ageing.
16 citations
TL;DR: LDLA analysis can be used to detect chromosome regions harboring QTL and candidate genes with a low density SNP panel, yielding relatively narrow confidence intervals regarding location.
Abstract: Meat quality traits are the most economically important traits affecting the beef industry in Korea We performed a whole genome quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping study of carcass data in Hanwoo Korean cattle Two hundred sixty-six Hanwoo steers from 65 sires were genotyped using a 10K Affymetrix SNP chip The average SNP interval across the bovine genome was 15Mb Associations between each individual SNP and four carcass traits [carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling (MAR)] were assessed using a linear mixed model of each trait Combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis (LDLA) detected six potential QTL on BTA04, 06, 13, 16, 17, and 23 at the chromosome-wise level (P<005) Two MAR QTL were detected at 522 cM of BTA06 and 4604 cM of BTA17 We identified three genes (ARAP2, LOC539460, and LOC511424) in the QTL region of BTA06 and seven genes (RPS14, SCARB1, LOC782103, BRI3BP, AACS, DHX37, and UBC) in the QTL region of BTA17 One significant QTL for CWT was detected at 100 cM on BTA04 and the corresponding QTL region spanned 17 cM from 997 to 1014 cM For EMA QTL, one significant QTL was detected at 39 cM of BTA23 and the most likely QTL interval was 14 cM, placing 15 candidate genes in the marker bracket Finally, two QTL for BFT were identified at 68 cM on BTA13 and 24 cM on BTA16 The LPIN3 gene, which is functionally associated with lipodystrophy in humans, is located in the BFT QTL on BTA13 Thus, two potential candidate genes, acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) and lipin (LPIN), were detected in QTL regions on BTA17 for MAR and BTA13 for BFT, respectively In conclusion, LDLA analysis can be used to detect chromosome regions harboring QTL and candidate genes with a low density SNP panel, yielding relatively narrow confidence intervals regarding location
16 citations
TL;DR: SmartStretch™ technology and ageing on meat quality traits of hot-boned beef m.
14 citations
TL;DR: There was no effect of SmartStretch™ on myofibrillar degradation measured using particle size analysis (PSA), but there was an ageing effect (P<0.001), and the tenderness of stretched m.
13 citations