There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Preface 1. Decision-Theoretic Foundations 1.1 Game Theory, Rationality, and Intelligence 1.2 Basic Concepts of Decision Theory 1.3 Axioms 1.4 The Expected-Utility Maximization Theorem 1.5 Equivalent Representations 1.6 Bayesian Conditional-Probability Systems 1.7 Limitations of the Bayesian Model 1.8 Domination 1.9 Proofs of the Domination Theorems Exercises 2. Basic Models 2.1 Games in Extensive Form 2.2 Strategic Form and the Normal Representation 2.3 Equivalence of Strategic-Form Games 2.4 Reduced Normal Representations 2.5 Elimination of Dominated Strategies 2.6 Multiagent Representations 2.7 Common Knowledge 2.8 Bayesian Games 2.9 Modeling Games with Incomplete Information Exercises 3. Equilibria of Strategic-Form Games 3.1 Domination and Ratonalizability 3.2 Nash Equilibrium 3.3 Computing Nash Equilibria 3.4 Significance of Nash Equilibria 3.5 The Focal-Point Effect 3.6 The Decision-Analytic Approach to Games 3.7 Evolution. Resistance. and Risk Dominance 3.8 Two-Person Zero-Sum Games 3.9 Bayesian Equilibria 3.10 Purification of Randomized Strategies in Equilibria 3.11 Auctions 3.12 Proof of Existence of Equilibrium 3.13 Infinite Strategy Sets Exercises 4. Sequential Equilibria of Extensive-Form Games 4.1 Mixed Strategies and Behavioral Strategies 4.2 Equilibria in Behavioral Strategies 4.3 Sequential Rationality at Information States with Positive Probability 4.4 Consistent Beliefs and Sequential Rationality at All Information States 4.5 Computing Sequential Equilibria 4.6 Subgame-Perfect Equilibria 4.7 Games with Perfect Information 4.8 Adding Chance Events with Small Probability 4.9 Forward Induction 4.10 Voting and Binary Agendas 4.11 Technical Proofs Exercises 5. Refinements of Equilibrium in Strategic Form 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Perfect Equilibria 5.3 Existence of Perfect and Sequential Equilibria 5.4 Proper Equilibria 5.5 Persistent Equilibria 5.6 Stable Sets 01 Equilibria 5.7 Generic Properties 5.8 Conclusions Exercises 6. Games with Communication 6.1 Contracts and Correlated Strategies 6.2 Correlated Equilibria 6.3 Bayesian Games with Communication 6.4 Bayesian Collective-Choice Problems and Bayesian Bargaining Problems 6.5 Trading Problems with Linear Utility 6.6 General Participation Constraints for Bayesian Games with Contracts 6.7 Sender-Receiver Games 6.8 Acceptable and Predominant Correlated Equilibria 6.9 Communication in Extensive-Form and Multistage Games Exercises Bibliographic Note 7. Repeated Games 7.1 The Repeated Prisoners Dilemma 7.2 A General Model of Repeated Garnet 7.3 Stationary Equilibria of Repeated Games with Complete State Information and Discounting 7.4 Repeated Games with Standard Information: Examples 7.5 General Feasibility Theorems for Standard Repeated Games 7.6 Finitely Repeated Games and the Role of Initial Doubt 7.7 Imperfect Observability of Moves 7.8 Repeated Wines in Large Decentralized Groups 7.9 Repeated Games with Incomplete Information 7.10 Continuous Time 7.11 Evolutionary Simulation of Repeated Games Exercises 8. Bargaining and Cooperation in Two-Person Games 8.1 Noncooperative Foundations of Cooperative Game Theory 8.2 Two-Person Bargaining Problems and the Nash Bargaining Solution 8.3 Interpersonal Comparisons of Weighted Utility 8.4 Transferable Utility 8.5 Rational Threats 8.6 Other Bargaining Solutions 8.7 An Alternating-Offer Bargaining Game 8.8 An Alternating-Offer Game with Incomplete Information 8.9 A Discrete Alternating-Offer Game 8.10 Renegotiation Exercises 9. Coalitions in Cooperative Games 9.1 Introduction to Coalitional Analysis 9.2 Characteristic Functions with Transferable Utility 9.3 The Core 9.4 The Shapkey Value 9.5 Values with Cooperation Structures 9.6 Other Solution Concepts 9.7 Colational Games with Nontransferable Utility 9.8 Cores without Transferable Utility 9.9 Values without Transferable Utility Exercises Bibliographic Note 10. Cooperation under Uncertainty 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Concepts of Efficiency 10.3 An Example 10.4 Ex Post Inefficiency and Subsequent Oilers 10.5 Computing Incentive-Efficient Mechanisms 10.6 Inscrutability and Durability 10.7 Mechanism Selection by an Informed Principal 10.8 Neutral Bargaining Solutions 10.9 Dynamic Matching Processes with Incomplete Information Exercises Bibliography Index

博弈论 : 矛盾冲突分析 = Game theory : analysis of conflict

It is shown that, particularly for terrestrial cellular telephony, the interference-suppression feature of CDMA (code division multiple access) can result in a many-fold increase in capacity over analog and even over competing digital techniques. A single-cell system, such as a hubbed satellite network, is addressed, and the basic expression for capacity is developed. The corresponding expressions for a multiple-cell system are derived. and the distribution on the number of users supportable per cell is determined. It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity. >

On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system

There is considerable pressure to define the key requirements of 5G, develop 5G standards, and perform technology trials as quickly as possible. Normally, these activities are best done in series but there is a desire to complete these tasks in parallel so that commercial deployments of 5G can begin by 2020. 5G will not be an incremental improvement over its predecessors; it aims to be a revolutionary leap forward in terms of data rates, latency, massive connectivity, network reliability, and energy efficiency. These capabilities are targeted at realizing high-speed connectivity, the Internet of Things, augmented virtual reality, the tactile internet, and so on. The requirements of 5G are expected to be met by new spectrum in the microwave bands (3.3-4.2 GHz), and utilizing large bandwidths available in mm-wave bands, increasing spatial degrees of freedom via large antenna arrays and 3-D MIMO, network densification, and new waveforms that provide scalability and flexibility to meet the varying demands of 5G services. Unlike the one size fits all 4G core networks, the 5G core network must be flexible and adaptable and is expected to simultaneously provide optimized support for the diverse 5G use case categories. In this paper, we provide an overview of 5G research, standardization trials, and deployment challenges. Due to the enormous scope of 5G systems, it is necessary to provide some direction in a tutorial article, and in this overview, the focus is largely user centric, rather than device centric. In addition to surveying the state of play in the area, we identify leading technologies, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses, and outline the key challenges ahead, with research test beds delivering promising performance but pre-commercial trials lagging behind the desired 5G targets.

5G : A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice

Simulation and the monte carlo method

Summary form only given. The benefit of applying superficial hyperthermia in combination with radiotherapy has been demonstrated by the International Collaborative Hyperthermia Group. Since then, superficial hyperthermia has been in clinical practice as a routine modality, mainly for the treatment of chest wall recurrences of breast cancer. The lucite cone applicator (LCA) is one of the applicators which have successfully been used in this area. However, the variability of the physical parameters involved in the treatment is still an important factor for the treatment quality. Therefore, it is necessary to model the applicators, in order to determine the physical parameters which are of significance in this respect. This, presents a numerical investigation of the LCA. The modeling of the applicator allows the prediction of the electromagnetic energy deposition and temperature rise patterns. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used for the electromagnetic modeling of the applicator.

Electromagnetic and thermal modeling of the lucite cone applicator for superficial hyperthermia

A simple procedure for the safety assessment around aperture antennas is given. The aperture has a general tapered excitation distribution and its near field can be rapidly estimated. Our method is based on the reuse of the envelopes of the normalized iso-parametric contours of an equivalent uniform aperture with smaller dimensions. The dimensions of the equivalent uniform aperture are selected, by enforcing equal half power beam width (HPBW) with the tapered one. The key point of the method is an appropriate transformation of the normalized spatial coordinates and the relative contour level values of the former aperture based on the ratio of its dimensions to those of the latter.

A simple procedure for the safety assessment around aperture antennas

In this work the characteristics of the electric near field at the E-Plane of a mobile base station antenna above lossy ground and a simulation of its field assessment are presented The antenna is comprised of a dipole array in front of a reflector As measurement probes two mutually perpendicular concentric quarter wavelength dipoles are used The BSA is placed close to the ground, so that the simulated assessed field values are distorted not only by the ground reflections, but also by the near zone characteristics of the incident BSA field The regions where the probes cannot give reliable field estimations are identified and the optimum way to combine the readings of the double dipole probes, in order to achieve the best electric field assessment, is discussed

Assessment simulation of the near field of a mobile base station antenna above lossy ground

Microwave and high frequency tomography constitutes challenging electromagnetic inverse problems aiming at the reconstruction of its internal σ-, erand/or ┤rdistributions The object to be imaged is embedded in a lossy homogeneous background medium This is surrounded by a fictitious (or real) surface preferably of canonical shape (circular, rectangular, cylindrical or spherical) over which a number of antennas (electrodes at lower frequencies) are evenly distributed The hardware implementing the modality should be able to successively activate each one of them, while setting all the other antennas to a receive state operating as sensors Instead of requiring all antennas to operate in both transmit and receive modes, a subset of antennas can be configured in transmit mode only (activated in turn) while a preferably larger subset is configured in receive only mode (passive sensors), all of them performing simultaneous measurements In this manner the object is illuminated each time from a different angle creating a scattered field to all possible directions, which is sampled by the receiving antennas The locations and number of transmit antennas should be designed to cover the required spatial illuminations (projection angles), while the number of the evenly distributed receiving antennas should fulfill the spatial sampling laws An alternative configuration mimicking the one already used in X-Ray Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) seems preferable and highly recommended for the microwave imaging Spesifically, for two-dimensional imaging a single active antenna along with an array of sensing-passive antennas could be placed on a circular-colar possibly plastic platform surrounding the object to be imaged In turn by rotating this supporting structure the object can be illuminated from all possible projection angles For a three-dimensinal imaging the hosting platform could be a plastic cylinder holding multiple antenna ring arrays, each ring having one active and multiple passive antennas Each antenna is activated successively in time while the whole cylinder is roteated providing all possible illuminations and data recording-sampling by all sensing antennas “simultaneously” The information gathered by this measurement procedure constitutes the dataset to be exploited by the imaging algorithm to reconstruct the object’s internal properties distributions This constitutes a challenging mathematical-computational and engineering problem since it is proved to be a highly nonlinear and ill-posed inverse problem

/pdf/high-to-microwave-frequencies-imaging-techniques-23gr0ogvsm.pdf

High to Microwave Frequencies Imaging Techniques

In the current work, full-wave assisted embedding/ de-embedding procedures for the measurement space characterization of small radiating systems, are contributed. The problem, of poor match between analysis and measurement results, poor match among results of different methods or methods using different fixtures, is well known but not well understood since due to small electrical size of the devices under test various issues arise. To address those problems, we contribute the concept of full-wave assisted embedding/ de-embedding accompanied by calibration procedures based on generalized error correction models.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6888545/6901672/06901950.pdf

John N. Sahalos

Papers

Electromagnetic and thermal modeling of the lucite cone applicator for superficial hyperthermia

A simple procedure for the safety assessment around aperture antennas

Assessment simulation of the near field of a mobile base station antenna above lossy ground

High to Microwave Frequencies Imaging Techniques

Full-wave embedding — De-embedding procedures for RFID measurement space characterization