There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Preface 1. Decision-Theoretic Foundations 1.1 Game Theory, Rationality, and Intelligence 1.2 Basic Concepts of Decision Theory 1.3 Axioms 1.4 The Expected-Utility Maximization Theorem 1.5 Equivalent Representations 1.6 Bayesian Conditional-Probability Systems 1.7 Limitations of the Bayesian Model 1.8 Domination 1.9 Proofs of the Domination Theorems Exercises 2. Basic Models 2.1 Games in Extensive Form 2.2 Strategic Form and the Normal Representation 2.3 Equivalence of Strategic-Form Games 2.4 Reduced Normal Representations 2.5 Elimination of Dominated Strategies 2.6 Multiagent Representations 2.7 Common Knowledge 2.8 Bayesian Games 2.9 Modeling Games with Incomplete Information Exercises 3. Equilibria of Strategic-Form Games 3.1 Domination and Ratonalizability 3.2 Nash Equilibrium 3.3 Computing Nash Equilibria 3.4 Significance of Nash Equilibria 3.5 The Focal-Point Effect 3.6 The Decision-Analytic Approach to Games 3.7 Evolution. Resistance. and Risk Dominance 3.8 Two-Person Zero-Sum Games 3.9 Bayesian Equilibria 3.10 Purification of Randomized Strategies in Equilibria 3.11 Auctions 3.12 Proof of Existence of Equilibrium 3.13 Infinite Strategy Sets Exercises 4. Sequential Equilibria of Extensive-Form Games 4.1 Mixed Strategies and Behavioral Strategies 4.2 Equilibria in Behavioral Strategies 4.3 Sequential Rationality at Information States with Positive Probability 4.4 Consistent Beliefs and Sequential Rationality at All Information States 4.5 Computing Sequential Equilibria 4.6 Subgame-Perfect Equilibria 4.7 Games with Perfect Information 4.8 Adding Chance Events with Small Probability 4.9 Forward Induction 4.10 Voting and Binary Agendas 4.11 Technical Proofs Exercises 5. Refinements of Equilibrium in Strategic Form 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Perfect Equilibria 5.3 Existence of Perfect and Sequential Equilibria 5.4 Proper Equilibria 5.5 Persistent Equilibria 5.6 Stable Sets 01 Equilibria 5.7 Generic Properties 5.8 Conclusions Exercises 6. Games with Communication 6.1 Contracts and Correlated Strategies 6.2 Correlated Equilibria 6.3 Bayesian Games with Communication 6.4 Bayesian Collective-Choice Problems and Bayesian Bargaining Problems 6.5 Trading Problems with Linear Utility 6.6 General Participation Constraints for Bayesian Games with Contracts 6.7 Sender-Receiver Games 6.8 Acceptable and Predominant Correlated Equilibria 6.9 Communication in Extensive-Form and Multistage Games Exercises Bibliographic Note 7. Repeated Games 7.1 The Repeated Prisoners Dilemma 7.2 A General Model of Repeated Garnet 7.3 Stationary Equilibria of Repeated Games with Complete State Information and Discounting 7.4 Repeated Games with Standard Information: Examples 7.5 General Feasibility Theorems for Standard Repeated Games 7.6 Finitely Repeated Games and the Role of Initial Doubt 7.7 Imperfect Observability of Moves 7.8 Repeated Wines in Large Decentralized Groups 7.9 Repeated Games with Incomplete Information 7.10 Continuous Time 7.11 Evolutionary Simulation of Repeated Games Exercises 8. Bargaining and Cooperation in Two-Person Games 8.1 Noncooperative Foundations of Cooperative Game Theory 8.2 Two-Person Bargaining Problems and the Nash Bargaining Solution 8.3 Interpersonal Comparisons of Weighted Utility 8.4 Transferable Utility 8.5 Rational Threats 8.6 Other Bargaining Solutions 8.7 An Alternating-Offer Bargaining Game 8.8 An Alternating-Offer Game with Incomplete Information 8.9 A Discrete Alternating-Offer Game 8.10 Renegotiation Exercises 9. Coalitions in Cooperative Games 9.1 Introduction to Coalitional Analysis 9.2 Characteristic Functions with Transferable Utility 9.3 The Core 9.4 The Shapkey Value 9.5 Values with Cooperation Structures 9.6 Other Solution Concepts 9.7 Colational Games with Nontransferable Utility 9.8 Cores without Transferable Utility 9.9 Values without Transferable Utility Exercises Bibliographic Note 10. Cooperation under Uncertainty 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Concepts of Efficiency 10.3 An Example 10.4 Ex Post Inefficiency and Subsequent Oilers 10.5 Computing Incentive-Efficient Mechanisms 10.6 Inscrutability and Durability 10.7 Mechanism Selection by an Informed Principal 10.8 Neutral Bargaining Solutions 10.9 Dynamic Matching Processes with Incomplete Information Exercises Bibliography Index

博弈论 : 矛盾冲突分析 = Game theory : analysis of conflict

It is shown that, particularly for terrestrial cellular telephony, the interference-suppression feature of CDMA (code division multiple access) can result in a many-fold increase in capacity over analog and even over competing digital techniques. A single-cell system, such as a hubbed satellite network, is addressed, and the basic expression for capacity is developed. The corresponding expressions for a multiple-cell system are derived. and the distribution on the number of users supportable per cell is determined. It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity. >

On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system

There is considerable pressure to define the key requirements of 5G, develop 5G standards, and perform technology trials as quickly as possible. Normally, these activities are best done in series but there is a desire to complete these tasks in parallel so that commercial deployments of 5G can begin by 2020. 5G will not be an incremental improvement over its predecessors; it aims to be a revolutionary leap forward in terms of data rates, latency, massive connectivity, network reliability, and energy efficiency. These capabilities are targeted at realizing high-speed connectivity, the Internet of Things, augmented virtual reality, the tactile internet, and so on. The requirements of 5G are expected to be met by new spectrum in the microwave bands (3.3-4.2 GHz), and utilizing large bandwidths available in mm-wave bands, increasing spatial degrees of freedom via large antenna arrays and 3-D MIMO, network densification, and new waveforms that provide scalability and flexibility to meet the varying demands of 5G services. Unlike the one size fits all 4G core networks, the 5G core network must be flexible and adaptable and is expected to simultaneously provide optimized support for the diverse 5G use case categories. In this paper, we provide an overview of 5G research, standardization trials, and deployment challenges. Due to the enormous scope of 5G systems, it is necessary to provide some direction in a tutorial article, and in this overview, the focus is largely user centric, rather than device centric. In addition to surveying the state of play in the area, we identify leading technologies, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses, and outline the key challenges ahead, with research test beds delivering promising performance but pre-commercial trials lagging behind the desired 5G targets.

5G : A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice

Simulation and the monte carlo method

This work presents a numerical approach to the reduction of electromagnetic interference (EMI) from the emissions of ICs and PCBs inside rectangular metallic enclosures The ICs are modeled as small magnetic dipoles. Their interaction with the enclosures is studied with the dyadic Green's functions. The Monte Carlo procedure in conjunction with optimization techniques is used in order to achieve optimal placement configurations for the ICs, by minimizing the electric current density on the metallic walls. The applications of the above approach in PCB design are discussed

Numerical approaches for EMI reduction of ICs and PCBs inside metallic enclosures

This paper presents the design procedure of a wideband UHF RFID reader antenna with polarization diversity suitable for searching tagged items. The antenna consists of a microstrip array with alternating orthogonal bow-tie elements, which are fed in series by a pair of microstrip lines. The elements are designed to provide the required bandwidth. The inter-element distance is adjusted to be about 0.8λ at the center frequency, whereas the elements provide in-phase excitation and create two orthogonal electric field components that give beams with polarization diversity. Simulated results indicate that the bandwidth covers the frequency bands of ETSI and FCC (865–928 MHz) standards. Regarding the coverage, it was deduced that the antenna can identify tagged items in a semi-cylindrical volume around its axis. The radius of coverage depends on the input power and tag sensitivity. A case study of reading tagged items in front of a cabinet with shelves is presented.

A wideband UHF RFID reader antenna array with bow-tie elements

A study for maximizing an index of an array of nonparallel wire antennas under the simultaneous determination of the polarization is carried out. The eigenvalue method is used, and it is shown that the maximum obtainable index of an antenna which has not a predefined polarization is the largest of the only two nonzero eigenvalues of the regular pencil of its matrices. The maximization is applied for cases where there are no constraints and also in cases where constraints in the pattern nulls or/and sidelobe levels are posed. Some examples are presented.

Simultaneous optimization of an index and determination of the polarization of arrays of nonparallel wire antennas by the eigenvalue method

A procedure of non-uniformly spaced array design is presented. The resulting layouts fulfill demanding beamforming problems with aperture and element size limitations. Our approach is analyzed in two steps: The deterministic procedure, where the aperture size and the number of elements are defined, and the stochastic gradient procedure where the far-field shaping and the element local arrangement are achieved.

A combined deterministic and stochastic approach for the design of non-uniform arrays

In this work the problem of energy conservation in wireless Internet of Things (IoT) devices is being addressed for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. IoT connected devices (i.e. glasses, set-top-boxes, home appliances etc.) can affect the energy levels of the IoT ecosystem and can play an active role in the level of QoS/QoE provided to the end-users, for any service demands, on-the-move. To this end, this work proposes a novel offloading methodology that hosts a “resource-aware” recommendation scheme, which allows the efficient monitoring of energy draining applications that run in an IoT ecosystem. The proposed framework allows users to have a continuous on-demand service provision where devices can actively provide the available resources to be exploited in the IoT ecosystem. Considering the latter, this work utilises an Edge-based Computing offload mechanism in M2M communication for resource-aware recommendation. The work assesses the proposed framework in the context of (i) the offered reliability for IoT services by assistive recommendation scheme and (ii) the energy conservation for a number of devices, forming the IoT ecosystem during the offloading process.

John N. Sahalos

Papers

Numerical approaches for EMI reduction of ICs and PCBs inside metallic enclosures

A wideband UHF RFID reader antenna array with bow-tie elements

Simultaneous optimization of an index and determination of the polarization of arrays of nonparallel wire antennas by the eigenvalue method

A combined deterministic and stochastic approach for the design of non-uniform arrays

Edge Computing for Offload-Aware Energy Conservation Using M2M Recommendation Mechanisms