다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

■ Abstract The recent proliferation of scholarship on collective action frames and framing processes in relation to social movements indicates that framing processes have come to be regarded, alongside resource mobilization and political opportunity processes, as a central dynamic in understanding the character and course of social movements. This review examines the analytic utility of the framing literature for un- derstanding social movement dynamics. We first review how collective action frames have been conceptualized, including their characteristic and variable features. We then examine the literature related to framing dynamics and processes. Next we review the literature regarding various contextual factors that constrain and facilitate framing processes. We conclude with an elaboration of the consequences of framing processes for other movement processes and outcomes. We seek throughout to provide clarifi- cation of the linkages between framing concepts/processes and other conceptual and theoretical formulations relevant to social movements, such as schemas and ideology.

/pdf/framing-processes-and-social-movements-an-overview-and-2fo6scjphe.pdf

Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment

https://www.wsl.ch/staff/niklaus.zimmermann/papers/ecomod135_147.pdf

Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology

Past analysis of social movements and social movement organizations has normally assumed a close link between the frustrations or grievances of a collectivity of actors and the growth and decline of movement activity. Questioning the theoretical centrality of this assumption directs social movement analysis away from its heavy emphasis upon the social psychology of social movement participants; it can then be more easily integrated with structural theories of social process. This essay presents a set of concepts and related propositions drawn from a resource mobilization perspective. It emphasizes the variety and sources of resources; the relationship of social movements to the media, authorities, and other parties; and the interaction among movement organizations. Propositions are developed to explain social movement activity at several levels of inclusiveness-the social movement sector, the social movement industry, and social movement organization.

Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory

The present historical moment may seem a particularly inopportune time to review Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam's latest exploration of civic decline in America. After all, the outpouring of volunteerism, solidarity, patriotism, and self-sacrifice displayed by Americans in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks appears to fly in the face of Putnam's central argument: that \"social capital\" -defined as \"social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them\" (p. 19)'has declined to dangerously low levels in America over the last three decades. However, Putnam is not fazed in the least by the recent effusion of solidarity. Quite the contrary, he sees in it the potential to \"reverse what has been a 30to 40-year steady decline in most measures of connectedness or community.\"' As an example of how the current \"war on terrorism\" could generate a durable civic renewal, Putnam points to the burst in civic practices that occurred during and after World War II, which he says \"permanently marked\" the generation that lived through it and had a \"terrific effect on American public life over the last half-century.\" 3 If Americans can follow this example and channel their current civic

Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community

Broken windows: the police and neighbourhood safety

Digital Terrain Analysis (J. Wilson & J. Gallant). Digital Elevation Models and Representation of Terrain Shape (M. Hutchinson & J. Gallant). Primary Topographic Attributes (J. Gallant & J. Wilson). Secondary Topographic Attributes (J. Wilson & J. Gallant). Effect of Data Source, Grid Resolution, and Flow-Routing Method on Computed Topographic Attributes (J. Wilson, et al.). Spatial Analysis of Soil-Moisture Deficit and Potential Soil Loss in the Elbe River Basin (V. Krysanova, et al.). Mapping Contributing Areas for Stormwater Discharge to Streams Using Terrain Analysis (J. Fried, et al.). Soil-Moisture Modeling in Humid Mountainous Landscapes (J. Yeakley, et al.). Stochastic Analysis of a Coupled Surface/Subsurface Hydrologic Model (G. Pohll & J. Warwick). The Role of Terrain Analysis in Soil Mapping (N. McKenzie, et al.). Automated Landform Classification Methods for Soil-Landscape Studies (S. Ventura & B. Irvin). A Soil-Terrain Model for Estimating Spatial Patterns of Soil Organic Carbon (J. Bell, et al.). Shallow Landslide Delineation for Steep Forest Watersheds Based on Topographic Attributes and Probability Analysis (J. Duan & G. Grant). Terrain Variables Used for Predictive Mapping of Vegetation Communities in Southern California (J. Franklin, et al.). Automated Land Cover Mapping Using Landsat Thematic Mapper Images and Topographic Attributes (J. Wheatley, et al.). Towards a Spatial Model of Boreal Forest Ecosystems: The Role of Digital Terrain Analysis (B. Mackey, et al.). Future Directions for Terrain Analysis (J. Gallant, et al.). References. Index.

Terrain analysis : principles and applications

The authors construct an integrated theory of formal and informal volunteer work based on the premises that volunteer work is (1) productive work that requires human capital, (2) collective behavior that requires social capital, and (3) ethically guided work that requires cultural capital. Using education, income and functional health to measure human capital, number of children in the household and informal social interaction to measure social capital, and religiosity to measure cultural capital, they estimate a model in which formal volunteering and informal helping are reciprocally related but connected in different ways to different forms of capital. Using two-wave data from the Americans' Changing Lives panel study, they find that formal volunteering is positively related to human capital, number of children in the household, informal social interaction and religiosity. Informal helping, such as helping a neighbor, is primarily determined by gender, age and health. Estimation of reciprocal effects reveals that formal volunteering has a positive effect on helping, but helping does not affect formal volunteering

/pdf/who-cares-toward-an-integrated-theory-of-volunteer-work-4689a66gau.pdf

Who cares? Toward an integrated theory of volunteer work

Volunteering and depression: the role of psychological and social resources in different age groups.

Preface Acknowledgments Part 1. An Introduction to Volunteering 1. The Importance of Studying Volunteering 2. What Is Volunteering? Part 2. Subjective Dispositions 3. Personality 4. Motives 5. Values, Norms, and Attitudes Part 3. Individual Resources 6. Socio-Economic Resources 7. Time and Health 8. Gender 9. Race Part 4. The Social Context of Volunteering 10. The Life Course: The Early Stages 11. The Life Course: The Later Stages 12. Social Resources 13. Volunteer Recruitment 14. Schools and Congregations 15. Community, Neighborhood, City, and Region 16. Cross-National Differences 17. Trends in Volunteering Part 5. The Organization of Volunteer Work 18. Volunteer Tasks 19. The Volunteer Role Part 6. The Consequences of Volunteering 20. Citizenship and Prosocial Behavior 21. Occupation, Income, and Health 22. Conclusion Appendix Notes References Index

John Wilson

Papers

Broken windows: the police and neighbourhood safety

Terrain analysis : principles and applications

Who cares? Toward an integrated theory of volunteer work

Volunteering and depression: the role of psychological and social resources in different age groups.

Volunteers: A Social Profile