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The placenta in preeclampsia

Technologies for reducing sludge production in wastewater treatment plants: State of the art

Optimized alkaline pretreatment of sludge before anaerobic digestion.

During the past decades, ultrasonic technology has gained wide interest as an effective mechanical pretreatment method for sludge, due to its excellent performance, good technical and operational stability, compactness, and environmentally friendly processing. This review is intended to provide an overview on the applications of ultrasonics in sludge solubilization and subsequent digestion, sludge sanitization, enhancement of enzymatic activity, resource recovery, extraction of chemicals, ultrasound assisted lysis–cryptic growth, and degradation of hazardous pollutants. Moreover, the working mechanisms behind the treatment and the influence of various process conditions, including power density/intensity, specific energy input, ultrasonic frequency, duration of ultrasonication (i.e., partial and complete ultrasonication, solids concentration, and type of sludge on the ultrasonic processing of sludge is specifically emphasized. Also, a discussion is included on the future research directions, an economical...

Ultrasonic Treatment of Waste Sludge: A Review on Mechanisms and Applications

Free ammonia pre-treatment of secondary sludge significantly increases anaerobic methane production.

Hydrolysis of waste activated sludge (WAS) has been regarded as the rate limiting step of anaerobic sludge digestion. Therefore, in this study, the effect of ultrasound and hydraulic residence time during sludge hydrolysis was investigated with the goal of enhancing methane production from anaerobic digestion (AD). WAS was ultrasonically disintegrated for hydrolysis, and it was semi-continuously fed to an anaerobic digesters at various hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The results of these experiments showed that the solids and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies when using ultrasonically disintegrated sludge were higher during AD than the control sludge. The longer the HRT, the higher the removal efficiencies of solids and COD, while methane production increased with lower HRT. Sludge with 30% hydrolysis produced 7× more methane production than the control sludge. The highest methane yields were 0.350 m3/kg volatile solids (VS)add and 0.301 m3/kg CODcon for 16 and 30% hydrolyzed sludge, respectively. In addition, we found that excess ultrasound irradiation may inhibit AD since the 50% hydrolyzed sludge produced lower methane yields than 16 and 30% hydrolyzed sludge.

Ultrasonic sludge disintegration for enhanced methane production in anaerobic digestion: effects of sludge hydrolysis efficiency and hydraulic retention time.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the placental proteins that are associated with preeclampsia by performing proteomic analysis. Methods: To identify

Proteomic analysis reveals an elevated expression of heat shock protein 27 in preeclamptic placentas.

Aim: We evaluated the efficacy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for controlling postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).



Materials and Methods:  Between January 2008 and December 2009, 23 women with intractable PPH underwent UAE. Specific diagnoses included uterine atony (n = 10), placenta accreta (n = 8), puerperal hematoma (n = 2) and placental polyp (n = 3).



Results:  Of 10 patients with uterine atony, treatment with UAE failed in two women with severe vasoconstriction. One patient developed lumbosacral plexopathy. All eight patients with placenta accreta were treated successfully with the placement of multiple sutures in the placental bed and UAE. Two of the three women with placental polyps were treated successfully with UAE and packing of the uterus.



Conclusions:  Embolization should follow resuscitation for vascular collapse. In the case of an adherent placenta, embolization is more effective with the placement of multiple sutures in the placental bed or compression of the placental bed.

Jong Hak Lee

Papers

Ultrasonic sludge disintegration for enhanced methane production in anaerobic digestion: effects of sludge hydrolysis efficiency and hydraulic retention time.

Proteomic analysis reveals an elevated expression of heat shock protein 27 in preeclamptic placentas.

Failure of uterine artery embolization for controlling postpartum hemorrhage

Effect of COD/SO42-ratio and Fe(II) under the variable hydraulic retention time (HRT) on fermentative hydrogen production

Femoral Neuropathy Subsequent to Abdominal Hysterectomy