In the past few years, continuous-flow reactors with channel dimensions in the micro- or millimeter region have found widespread application in organic synthesis. The characteristic properties of these reactors are their exceptionally fast heat and mass transfer. In microstructured devices of this type, virtually instantaneous mixing can be achieved for all but the fastest reactions. Similarly, the accumulation of heat, formation of hot spots, and dangers of thermal runaways can be prevented. As a result of the small reactor volumes, the overall safety of the process is significantly improved, even when harsh reaction conditions are used. Thus, microreactor technology offers a unique way to perform ultrafast, exothermic reactions, and allows the execution of reactions which proceed via highly unstable or even explosive intermediates. This Review discusses recent literature examples of continuous-flow organic synthesis where hazardous reactions or extreme process windows have been employed, with a focus on applications of relevance to the preparation of pharmaceuticals.

Continuous‐Flow Technology—A Tool for the Safe Manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Perovskites as substitutes of noble metals for heterogeneous catalysis: dream or reality.

Ionic liquid with acidic properties is an important branch in the wide ionic liquid field and the aim of this article is to cover all aspects of these acidic ionic liquids, especially focusing on the developments in the last four years. The structural diversity and synthesis of acidic ionic liquids are discussed in the introduction sections of this review. In addition, an unambiguous classification system for various types of acidic ionic liquids is presented in the introduction. The physical properties including acidity, thermo-physical properties, ionic conductivity, spectroscopy, and computational studies on acidic ionic liquids are covered in the next sections. The final section provides a comprehensive review on applications of acidic ionic liquids in a wide array of fields including catalysis, CO2 fixation, ionogel, electrolyte, fuel-cell, membrane, biomass processing, biodiesel synthesis, desulfurization of gasoline/diesel, metal processing, and metal electrodeposition.

Acidic Ionic Liquids.

Bauxite residue issues: II. options for residue utilization

Towards zero-waste valorisation of rare-earth-containing industrial process residues: a critical review

Radiological aspects of the usability of red mud as building material additive.

Dependence of radon emanation of red mud bauxite processing wastes on heat treatment.

Asymmetric hydrogenation of CC double bonds using Rh-complex under homogeneous, heterogeneous and continuous mode conditions

Microwave processing of natural biopolymers--studies on the properties of different starches.

Connection between radon emanation and some structural properties of coal-slag as building material

József Kovács

Papers

Radiological aspects of the usability of red mud as building material additive.

Dependence of radon emanation of red mud bauxite processing wastes on heat treatment.

Asymmetric hydrogenation of CC double bonds using Rh-complex under homogeneous, heterogeneous and continuous mode conditions

Microwave processing of natural biopolymers--studies on the properties of different starches.

Connection between radon emanation and some structural properties of coal-slag as building material