Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

and Fuels Changzhi Li,† Xiaochen Zhao,† Aiqin Wang,† George W. Huber,†,‡ and Tao Zhang*,† †State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States

Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels

Peroxynitrite--the product of the diffusion-controlled reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide radical--is a short-lived oxidant species that is a potent inducer of cell death Conditions in which the reaction products of peroxynitrite have been detected and in which pharmacological inhibition of its formation or its decomposition have been shown to be of benefit include vascular diseases, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, circulatory shock, inflammation, pain and neurodegeneration In this Review, we first discuss the biochemistry and pathophysiology of peroxynitrite and then focus on pharmacological strategies to attenuate the toxic effects of peroxynitrite These include its catalytic reduction to nitrite and its isomerization to nitrate by metalloporphyrins, which have led to potential candidates for drug development for cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases

Peroxynitrite: biochemistry, pathophysiology and development of therapeutics

Cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical solubilizers.

Superoxide ion (O2•–) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2•– is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2•– were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2•– reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2•– so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2•– followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2•– are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2•– environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2•– are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the f...

Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications

Voltammetric reduction of finasteride at mercury electrode and its determination in tablets.

In this work, a new method to quantify nitrofurantoin in aqueous media using a flow injection system connected to commercially available screen-printed carbon nanofibers was developed. A pretreatment of the screen-printed carbon nanofibers electrode with BrittonRobinson buffer/N,N-dimethylformamide was applied to enhance the ni- trofurantoin peak current signal in one step. The developed method was demonstrated to be sensible, reproducible, easy, and inexpensive. With a low detection limit, it is applicable to real samples. The results indicate that it is highly applicable for the detection of nitrofurantoin in several matrices. When urine samples without any pretreat- ment were analyzed, the method proved reproducible and sensible and had a low detection limit. The use of screen- printed electrodes has advantages over other modified electrodes as a glassy carbon due to its versatility.

Sensitive determination of nitrofurantoin by flow injection analysis using carbon nanofiber screen printed electrodes

Boldine shows a concentration-dependent relaxation effect on the rat ileum preparation with a pD2 of 3.77 +/- 0.12. The alkaloid also produces a concentration-dependent parallel shift of the curve-response to acetylcholine, therefore it directly interferes with the cholinergic mechanism associated with the contraction, behaving as a competitive antagonist with a pA2 of 4.78 +/- 0.19. On the other hand, boldine produces a nonparallel shift of the contraction response induced by barium, revealing the occurrence of a non-competitive antagonism. This effect could be the result of interference with intracellular events associated with the barium-induced changes in calcium pools.

Activity of boldine on rat ileum.

MWCNT-modified Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Allura Red and Brilliant Blue FCF in Isotonic Sport Drinks

The formation of inclusion complexes of well-known 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists, such as nifedipine (NF) and nicardipine (NC), with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) was investigated by differential pulse polarography (DPP) and UV-vis spectrophotometry. The equimolar variation method indicated the formation of the NF-βCD (1 : 1, M : M) and a NC-βCD (1 : 1, M : M) inclusion complexes. Titrations using the DPP peak currents for NF and NC permitted one to determine formation constant values of (135±20) M−1 and (357±41) M−1 for NF-βCD and NC-βCD, respectively. For comparative purposes we have also applied phase solubility studies with spectrophotometric detection obtaining formation constant values of (129±5) M−1 and (385±19) M−1 for NF-βCD and NC-βCD, respectively. According to the DPP studies, we can postulate that the inclusion moiety were the nitroaromatic group, in the case of NF-βCD, and the phenyl group on 3-position of the 1,4-DHP, in the case of NC-βCD. The solubility of NF in water was increased about three times due to the formation of an inclusion complex with βCD. For NC the solubility was increased almost seven times.

Differential Pulse Polarographic and UV‐Vis Spectrophotometric Study of Inclusion Complexes Formed by 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonists, Nifedipine and Nicardipine with β‐Cyclodextrin

Juan A. Squella

Papers

Voltammetric reduction of finasteride at mercury electrode and its determination in tablets.

Sensitive determination of nitrofurantoin by flow injection analysis using carbon nanofiber screen printed electrodes

Activity of boldine on rat ileum.

MWCNT-modified Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Allura Red and Brilliant Blue FCF in Isotonic Sport Drinks

Differential Pulse Polarographic and UV‐Vis Spectrophotometric Study of Inclusion Complexes Formed by 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonists, Nifedipine and Nicardipine with β‐Cyclodextrin