https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(18)32594-7.pdf

The 2018 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: shaping the health of nations for centuries to come

The deliberative practitioner: Encouraging participatory planning processes.

The political origins of health inequity: prospects for change

基因科学与亲子鉴定——国际流行病与公众健康杂志J Epidemiol Community Health

Urban heat islands (UHIs) exacerbate the risk of heat-related mortality associated with global climate change. The intensity of UHIs varies with population size and mean annual precipitation, but a unifying explanation for this variation is lacking, and there are no geographically targeted guidelines for heat mitigation. Here we analyse summertime differences between urban and rural surface temperatures (ΔTs) worldwide and find a nonlinear increase in ΔTs with precipitation that is controlled by water or energy limitations on evapotranspiration and that modulates the scaling of ΔTs with city size. We introduce a coarse-grained model that links population, background climate, and UHI intensity, and show that urban–rural differences in evapotranspiration and convection efficiency are the main determinants of warming. The direct implication of these nonlinearities is that mitigation strategies aimed at increasing green cover and albedo are more efficient in dry regions, whereas the challenge of cooling tropical cities will require innovative solutions. The effect of cities on urban climate (often warmer but sometimes cooler than their surroundings) is largely explained by local hydroclimate and patterns of city development.

/pdf/magnitude-of-urban-heat-islands-largely-explained-by-climate-wrw9mdqitk.pdf

Magnitude of urban heat islands largely explained by climate and population

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(12)60435-8.pdf

Shaping cities for health: complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century

This paper examines the relationship between space and the digital industries through everyday work practices in Shoreditch, London. Drawing on interviews with digital workers, the paper examines how work unfolds in multiple settings and how the built environment supports these work patterns. Digital work extends from the office or the residence (the base) to multiple settings (ancillary spaces) in what can be defined as an extended workplace. The study identifies micro and macro scale characteristics of the built environment that are relevant (spatial characteristics of semi-public and public spaces, access and control, location, and attributes of the neighbourhood) expanding the understanding of why and how place matters for these industries. A typology of ancillary spaces and some reflections on policy implications are advanced.

The Extended Workplace in a Creative Cluster: Exploring Space(s) of Digital Work in Silicon Roundabout

The image of Zoom meetings with work colleagues captures the extraordinary experience of work during the Covid-19 pandemic: a massive, forced and sudden move to homeworking in several sectors of activity from banks to education. It is early to say how transformative this experience will be for post-pandemic urban life. But there is little doubt that work has been tremendously affected by the crisis bringing about shortand long-term impacts at individual and urban levels. The sphere of work—both in what concerns our working life and more broadly our economy and productive activities—has not only been affected by this health crisis; it plays a major role in securing a healthier urban future. In this commentary, I argue that work should be a fundamental area of concern for urban design researchers and practitioners in the pursuit of a Healthy City, as we move through and out of the crisis. Current approaches to health city planning and design call for holistic perspectives that consider personal, social and economic health determinants influenced by the built environment. While work is not particularly well elaborated in existing literature on healthy cities, the way in which the built environment accommodates (inclusive and diverse) urban economies and (the variety of) work patterns matters for health. I advance three dimensions of work that are relevant for (designing) a healthier built environment: Urban Economies, Place(s) of Work and Work/Economy in Place. Urban Design—through elements such as urban form and street networks, building types, mix of uses, or open spaces— plays a key role in ensuring that urban space accommodates work and economic activities in healthy ways across these dimensions. However, work is surprisingly overlooked in Urban Design. How much do we know about the spatial requirements of different economic activities or the implications of remote work for urban space? This crisis offers an opportunity for the field to further engage with this forgotten dimension and set out a more ambitious research and practice agenda for building Healthy Cities.

/pdf/work-in-and-for-a-healthy-city-4xwrzpdxjj.pdf

Work in and for a Healthy City

/pdf/space-social-networks-and-the-neighbourhood-in-digital-ne4asnmpqk.pdf

Juliana Martins

Papers

Shaping cities for health: complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century

The Extended Workplace in a Creative Cluster: Exploring Space(s) of Digital Work in Silicon Roundabout

Work in and for a Healthy City

Space, social networks and the neighbourhood in digital production: the role of events in Tech City, London