I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Black hole: A new heuristic optimization approach for data clustering

Review: Multi-objective optimization methods and application in energy saving

Membrane systems (also called P systems) refer to the computing models abstracted from the structure and the functioning of the living cell as well as from the cooperation of cells in tissues, organs, and other populations of cells. Spiking neural P systems (SNPS) are a class of distributed and parallel computing models that incorporate the idea of spiking neurons into P systems. To attain the solution of optimization problems, P systems are used to properly organize evolutionary operators of heuristic approaches, which are named as membrane-inspired evolutionary algorithms (MIEAs). This paper proposes a novel way to design a P system for directly obtaining the approximate solutions of combinatorial optimization problems without the aid of evolutionary operators like in the case of MIEAs. To this aim, an extended spiking neural P system (ESNPS) has been proposed by introducing the probabilistic selection of evolution rules and multi-neurons output and a family of ESNPS, called optimization spiking neural P system (OSNPS), are further designed through introducing a guider to adaptively adjust rule probabilities to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems. Extensive experiments on knapsack problems have been reported to experimentally prove the viability and effectiveness of the proposed neural system.

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An optimization spiking neural p system for approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems.

Cluster Analysis: Low Temperatures and Voting in Congress

This paper proposes a graphic modeling approach, fault diagnosis method based on fuzzy reasoning spiking neural P systems (FDSNP), for power transmission networks. In FDSNP, fuzzy reasoning spiking neural P systems (FRSN P systems) with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are used to model candidate faulty sections and an algebraic fuzzy reasoning algorithm is introduced to obtain confidence levels of candidate faulty sections, so as to identify faulty sections. FDSNP offers an intuitive illustration based on a strictly mathematical expression, a good fault-tolerant capacity due to its handling of incomplete and uncertain messages in a parallel manner, a good description for the relationships between protective devices and faults, and an understandable diagnosis model-building process. To test the validity and feasibility of FDSNP, seven cases of a local subsystem in an electrical power system are used. The results of case studies show that FDSNP is effective in diagnosing faults in power transmission networks for single and multiple fault situations with/without incomplete and uncertain SCADA data, and is superior to four methods, reported in the literature, in terms of the correctness of diagnosis results.

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Fault Diagnosis of Electric Power Systems Based on Fuzzy Reasoning Spiking Neural P Systems

Fuzzy reasoning spiking neural P system for fault diagnosis

A variant of spiking neural P systems with positive or negative weights on synapses is introduced, where the rules of a neuron fire when the potential of that neuron equals a given value. The involved values---weights, firing thresholds, potential consumed by each rule---can be real (computable) numbers, rational numbers, integers, and natural numbers. The power of the obtained systems is investigated. For instance, it is proved that integers (very restricted: 1, -1 for weights, 1 and 2 for firing thresholds, and as parameters in the rules) suffice for computing all Turing computable sets of numbers in both the generative and the accepting modes. When only natural numbers are used, a characterization of the family of semilinear sets of numbers is obtained. It is shown that spiking neural P systems with weights can efficiently solve computationally hard problems in a nondeterministic way. Some open problems and suggestions for further research are formulated.

Spiking neural p systems with weights

Spiking neural P systems (SN P systems) are a new class of computing models inspired by the neurophysiological behavior of biological spiking neurons. In order to make SN P systems capable of representing and processing fuzzy and uncertain knowledge, we propose a new class of spiking neural P systems in this paper called weighted fuzzy spiking neural P systems (WFSN P systems). New elements, including fuzzy truth value, certain factor, weighted fuzzy logic, output weight, threshold, new firing rule, and two types of neurons, are added to the original definition of SN P systems. This allows WFSN P systems to adequately characterize the features of weighted fuzzy production rules in a fuzzy rule-based system. Furthermore, a weighted fuzzy backward reasoning algorithm, based on WFSN P systems, is developed, which can accomplish dynamic fuzzy reasoning of a rule-based system more flexibly and intelligently. In addition, we compare the proposed WFSN P systems with other knowledge representation methods, such as fuzzy production rule, conceptual graph, and Petri nets, to demonstrate the features and advantages of the proposed techniques.

Weighted Fuzzy Spiking Neural P Systems

In a biological nervous system, astrocytes play an important role in the functioning and interaction of neurons, and astrocytes have excitatory and inhibitory influence on synapses. In this work, with this biological inspiration, a class of computation devices that consist of neurons and astrocytes is introduced, called spiking neural P systems with astrocytes (SNPA systems). The computation power of SNPA systems is investigated. It is proved that SNPA systems with simple neurons (all neurons have the same rule, one per neuron, of a very simple form) are Turing universal in both generative and accepting modes. If a bound is given on the number of spikes present in any neuron along a computation, then the computation power of SNPA systems is diminished. In this case, a characterization of semilinear sets of numbers is obtained.

Jun Wang

Papers

Fault Diagnosis of Electric Power Systems Based on Fuzzy Reasoning Spiking Neural P Systems

Fuzzy reasoning spiking neural P system for fault diagnosis

Spiking neural p systems with weights

Weighted Fuzzy Spiking Neural P Systems

Spiking neural p systems with astrocytes