From the Publisher: 
The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

Computer vision : a modern approach = 计算机视觉 : 一种现代的方法

International Journal of Computer and Applications

MUCKE aims to mine a large volume of images, to structure them conceptually and to use this conceptual structuring in order to improve large-scale image retrieval. The last decade witnessed important progress concerning low-level image representations. However, there are a number problems which need to be solved in order to unleash the full potential of image mining in applications. The central problem with low-level representations is the mismatch between them and the human interpretation of image content. This problem can be instantiated, for instance, by the incapability of existing descriptors to capture spatial relationships between the concepts represented or by their incapability to convey an explanation of why two images are similar in a content-based image retrieval framework. We start by assessing existing local descriptors for image classification and by proposing to use co-occurrence matrices to better capture spatial relationships in images. The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images. Consequently, we introduce methods which tackle these two problems and compare results to state of the art methods. Note: some aspects of this deliverable are withheld at this time as they are pending review. Please contact the authors for a preview.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/4524/12820/00592460.pdf

Image Processing

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a special type of Neural Networks, which has shown exemplary performance on several competitions related to Computer Vision and Image Processing. Some of the exciting application areas of CNN include Image Classification and Segmentation, Object Detection, Video Processing, Natural Language Processing, and Speech Recognition. The powerful learning ability of deep CNN is primarily due to the use of multiple feature extraction stages that can automatically learn representations from the data. The availability of a large amount of data and improvement in the hardware technology has accelerated the research in CNNs, and recently interesting deep CNN architectures have been reported. Several inspiring ideas to bring advancements in CNNs have been explored, such as the use of different activation and loss functions, parameter optimization, regularization, and architectural innovations. However, the significant improvement in the representational capacity of the deep CNN is achieved through architectural innovations. Notably, the ideas of exploiting spatial and channel information, depth and width of architecture, and multi-path information processing have gained substantial attention. Similarly, the idea of using a block of layers as a structural unit is also gaining popularity. This survey thus focuses on the intrinsic taxonomy present in the recently reported deep CNN architectures and, consequently, classifies the recent innovations in CNN architectures into seven different categories. These seven categories are based on spatial exploitation, depth, multi-path, width, feature-map exploitation, channel boosting, and attention. Additionally, the elementary understanding of CNN components, current challenges, and applications of CNN are also provided.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-020-09825-6.pdf

A survey of the recent architectures of deep convolutional neural networks

Data clustering refers to the method of grouping data into different groups depending on their characteristics. This grouping brings an order in the data and hence further processing on this data is made easier. This paper explains the clustering process using the simplest of clustering algorithms the K-Means. The novelty of the paper comes from the fact that it shows a way to perform clustering in Microsoft Excel 2007 without using macros, through the innovative use of what-if analysis. The paper also shows that, image processing operations can be done in excel and all operations except displaying an image do not require a macro. The paper gives a solution to the problem of reading an image in excel by introducing a user defined add-in. The paper also has explained and implemented image segmentation as an application of clustering. This paper aims at showing that Microsoft Excel is a great tool as far as technical learning is concerned for the fact that, it can implement almost all algorithms and processes, and is very successful in providing the first hand exposure to an novice student. General Terms Machine learning, Clustering, Image processing.

/pdf/a-simple-approach-to-clustering-in-excel-55do8fh93r.pdf

A Simple Approach to Clustering in Excel

Recently, due to the advance and impressive results of deep learning techniques in the fields of image recognition, natural language processing and speech recognition for various long-standing arti...

A Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Approaches for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (N-IDSs): Deep Learning for N-IDSs

Objective: This paper aims at classifying the Tamil movie reviews as positive and negative using supervised machine learning algorithms. Methods/Analysis: A novel machine learning approaches are needed for analyzing the Social media text where the data are increasing exponentially. Here, in this work, Machine learning algorithms such as SVM, Maxent classifier, Decision tree and Naive Bayes are used for classifying Tamil movie reviews into positive and negative. Features are also extracted from TamilSentiwordnet. Findings: The dataset for this work has been prepared. SVM algorithm performs well in classifying the Tamil movie reviews when compared with other machine learning algorithms. Both cross validation and accuracy of the algorithm shows that SVM performs well. Other than SVM, Decision tree perform well in classifying the Tamil reviews. Novelty/Improvement: SVM gives an accuracy of 75.9% for classifying Tamil movie reviews which is a good milestone in the research field of Tamil language.

Predicting the Sentimental Reviews in Tamil Movie using Machine Learning Algorithms

Recent times are witnessing greater influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on identification of subjects based on biometrics. Traditional biometric recognition algorithms, which were constrained by their data acquisition methods, are now giving way to data collected in the unconstrained manner. Practically, the data can be exposed to factors like varying environmental conditions, image quality, pose, image clutter and background changes. Our research is focused on the biometric recognition, through identification of the subject from the ear. The images for the same are collected in an unconstrained manner. The advancements in deep neural network can be sighted as the main reason for such a quantum leap. The primary challenge of the present work is the selection of appropriate deep learning architecture for unconstrained ear recognition. Therefore the performance analysis of various pretrained networks such as VGGNet, Inception Net, ResNet, Mobile Net and NASNet is attempted here. The third challenge we addressed is to optimize the computational resources by reducing the number of learnable parameters while reducing the number of operations. Optimization of selected cells as in NASNet architecture is a paradigm shift in this regard.

Performance Analysis of NASNet on Unconstrained Ear Recognition

Abstract Introduction of deep neural networks to the machine translation research ameliorated conventional machine translation systems in multiple ways, specifically in terms of translation quality. The ability of deep neural networks to learn a sensible representation of words is one of the major reasons for this improvement. Despite machine translation using deep neural architecture is showing state-of-the-art results in translating European languages, we cannot directly apply these algorithms in Indian languages mainly because of two reasons: unavailability of the good corpus and Indian languages are morphologically rich. In this paper, we propose a neural machine translation (NMT) system for four language pairs: English–Malayalam, English–Hindi, English–Tamil, and English–Punjabi. We also collected sentences from different sources and cleaned them to make four parallel corpora for each of the language pairs, and then used them to model the translation system. The encoder network in the NMT architecture was designed with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and bi-directional recurrent neural networks (Bi-RNN). Evaluation of the obtained models was performed both automatically and manually. For automatic evaluation, the bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) score was used, and for manual evaluation, three metrics such as adequacy, fluency, and overall ranking were used. Analysis of the results showed the presence of lengthy sentences in English–Malayalam, and the English–Hindi corpus affected the translation. Attention mechanism was employed with a view to addressing the problem of translating lengthy sentences (sentences contain more than 50 words), and the system was able to perceive long-term contexts in the sentences.

/pdf/neural-machine-translation-system-for-english-to-indian-4b6ks6x6rb.pdf

K. P. Soman

Papers

A Simple Approach to Clustering in Excel

A Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Approaches for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (N-IDSs): Deep Learning for N-IDSs

Predicting the Sentimental Reviews in Tamil Movie using Machine Learning Algorithms

Performance Analysis of NASNet on Unconstrained Ear Recognition

Neural Machine Translation System for English to Indian Language Translation Using MTIL Parallel Corpus