Zinc oxide can be called a multifunctional material thanks to its unique physical and chemical properties. The first part of this paper presents the most important methods of preparation of ZnO divided into metallurgical and chemical methods. The mechanochemical process, controlled precipitation, sol-gel method, solvothermal and hydrothermal method, method using emulsion and microemulsion enviroment and other methods of obtaining zinc oxide were classified as chemical methods. In the next part of this review, the modification methods of ZnO were characterized. The modification with organic (carboxylic acid, silanes) and inroganic (metal oxides) compounds, and polymer matrices were mainly described. Finally, we present possible applications in various branches of industry: rubber, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, textile, electronic and electrotechnology, photocatalysis were introduced. This review provides useful information for specialist dealings with zinc oxide.

Zinc Oxide-From Synthesis to Application: A Review.

I. Introduction THE biological importance of the thyroid gland has been recognized for centuries (1). The realization in the late 19th century that cretinism and myxedema result from loss of thyroid function led to the discovery of T4 (2) and T3 (3) as the predominant and most potent thyroid hormones, respectively. During the ensuing decades the plasma membrane (4), synapse (5), endoplasmic reticulum (6), and mitochondria (7) have all been considered as potential cellular sites of action of the thyroid hormones. In the 1960s, however, it was noted that many of the physiological actions of T3 were preceded by nuclear RNA transcription (8, 9), and high-affinity nuclear receptors for T3 were discovered soon thereafter (10,11). The specificity of the nuclear T3 receptors (TRs) for thyroid hormone analogs closely parallels the biological potency of the compounds (12, 13), and the levels of the nuclear TRs correlate well with the developmental and tissue-specific effects of T3 in most cases (14, 15). Thus, alth...

Thyroid hormone receptors : multiple forms, multiple possibilities

Manufacturing industry profoundly impact economic and societal progress. As being a commonly accepted term for research centers and universities, the Industry 4.0 initiative has received a splendid attention of the business and research community. Although the idea is not new and was on the agenda of academic research in many years with different perceptions, the term “Industry 4.0” is just launched and well accepted to some extend not only in academic life but also in the industrial society as well. While academic research focuses on understanding and defining the concept and trying to develop related systems, business models and respective methodologies, industry, on the other hand, focuses its attention on the change of industrial machine suits and intelligent products as well as potential customers on this progress. It is therefore important for the companies to primarily understand the features and content of the Industry 4.0 for potential transformation from machine dominant manufacturing to digital manufacturing. In order to achieve a successful transformation, they should clearly review their positions and respective potentials against basic requirements set forward for Industry 4.0 standard. This will allow them to generate a well-defined road map. There has been several approaches and discussions going on along this line, a several road maps are already proposed. Some of those are reviewed in this paper. However, the literature clearly indicates the lack of respective assessment methodologies. Since the implementation and applications of related theorems and definitions outlined for the 4th industrial revolution is not mature enough for most of the reel life implementations, a systematic approach for making respective assessments and evaluations seems to be urgently required for those who are intending to speed this transformation up. It is now main responsibility of the research community to developed technological infrastructure with physical systems, management models, business models as well as some well-defined Industry 4.0 scenarios in order to make the life for the practitioners easy. It is estimated by the experts that the Industry 4.0 and related progress along this line will have an enormous effect on social life. As outlined in the introduction, some social transformation is also expected. It is assumed that the robots will be more dominant in manufacturing, implanted technologies, cooperating and coordinating machines, self-decision-making systems, autonom problem solvers, learning machines, 3D printing etc. will dominate the production process. Wearable internet, big data analysis, sensor based life, smart city implementations or similar applications will be the main concern of the community. This social transformation will naturally trigger the manufacturing society to improve their manufacturing suits to cope with the customer requirements and sustain competitive advantage. A summary of the potential progress along this line is reviewed in introduction of the paper. It is so obvious that the future manufacturing systems will have a different vision composed of products, intelligence, communications and information network. This will bring about new business models to be dominant in industrial life. Another important issue to take into account is that the time span of this so-called revolution will be so short triggering a continues transformation process to yield some new industrial areas to emerge. This clearly puts a big pressure on manufacturers to learn, understand, design and implement the transformation process. Since the main motivation for finding the best way to follow this transformation, a comprehensive literature review will generate a remarkable support. This paper presents such a review for highlighting the progress and aims to help improve the awareness on the best experiences. It is intended to provide a clear idea for those wishing to generate a road map for digitizing the respective manufacturing suits. By presenting this review it is also intended to provide a hands-on library of Industry 4.0 to both academics as well as industrial practitioners. The top 100 headings, abstracts and key words (i.e. a total of 619 publications of any kind) for each search term were independently analyzed in order to ensure the reliability of the review process. Note that, this exhaustive literature review provides a concrete definition of Industry 4.0 and defines its six design principles such as interoperability, virtualization, local, real-time talent, service orientation and modularity. It seems that these principles have taken the attention of the scientists to carry out more variety of research on the subject and to develop implementable and appropriate scenarios. A comprehensive taxonomy of Industry 4.0 can also be developed through analyzing the results of this review.

Literature review of Industry 4.0 and related technologies

—Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in atherogenesis and restenosis after arterial interventions. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ...

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Activators Inhibit Gene Expression and Migration in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

I. Introduction NUCLEAR receptors mediate the signals of a broad variety of fat-soluble hormones, including the steroid and vitamin D3 hormones, thyroid hormones, and vitamin A-derived hormones and analogs (retinoids). The receptors represent one of the largest transcription factor families known (reviewed in Refs. 1–3). Only some of the members are ligand-binding receptors, while others are “orphan receptors” for which specific ligands have not yet been identified and may not exist. These proteins may therefore function as constitutive or negative transcription factors, or coregulators of ligand-binding receptors. The receptors regulate gene transcription by interacting with specific DNA sequences (called response elements) that are usually located in the promoter regions of the responsive genes. All receptors contain a highly conserved cysteine-rich region, the DNA- binding domain (DBD) that forms two “zinc-finger” structures that allow protein-DNA as well as proteinprotein interaction (4). A second but...

Nuclear receptor/AP-1 interaction.

Cloud security issues and challenges

Multiple forms of human thyroid hormone (T3) receptor have been identified, including true receptors that bind T3 (α1 and β) and a splicing variant (α2) that does not bind T3. The α1 and β-receptors activate transcription through interactions with positive thyroid response elements (TREs). The α2 variant is unable to activate transcription and has been reported to inhibit α1 or β stimulation of positive TREs, a property referred to as dominant negative activity. In this report we have performed studies to assess the functional properties of different members of the thyroid receptor family with regard to both positive and negative transcriptional regulation. The α1-, α2-, and β-receptors were each coexpressed in JEG-3 cells with either TreTKCAT (CAT = chloramphenicol acetyltransferase), a reporter gene that contains a positive TRE, or TSHαCAT, a negatively regulated reporter gene. The α1 and β isoforms stimulated transcription of TreTKCAT and inhibited TSHαCAT transcription in a T3-dependent manner, wherea...

Negative and Positive Transcriptional Regulation by Thyroid Hormone Receptor Isoforms

Dicumyl peroxide (DCP)-cured thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on blends of maleated ethylene propylene rubber (m-EPM) and polypropylene (PP) using maleated-PP as a compatibilizer have been developed. Physical properties of these TPVs change significantly with concentrations of DCP and rubber/plastic blend ratios. Important correlations were obtained from rheometer delta torque values with various physical properties of the TPVs like tension set and crosslink density etc. Wide angle X-ray diffraction study confirms that concentration of DCP has a strong influence on the crystallinity of PP, which might affect the final physical properties of TPVs. The recyclability and ageing characteristics of these TPVs are also found excellent.

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Development of thermoplastic elastomers based on maleated ethylene propylene rubber (m-EPM) and polypropylene (PP) by dynamic vulcanization

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) are a special class of thermoplastic elastomer, produced by simultaneously mixing and cross-linking a rubber with a thermoplastic at elevated temperature. Dicumyl peroxide-cured TPVs based on blends of maleated ethylene propylene rubber (m-EPM) and polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic using maleated-PP as a compatibilizer have been developed. To reinforce the properties of these TPVs, nanosilica was added at different levels. With the increase of nanosilica concentrations, significant improvement in tensile strength, modulus, and impact strength of TPVs have been achieved. Morphology study shows that nanosilica is uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrices. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows that tan δ value at low temperature decreases with increasing nanosilica concentration indicating less damping characteristics. Thermogravimetric study revealed that thermal stability of TPVs is improved in presence of nanosilica. Equilibrium swelling study confirms that solvent resistance of TPVs could be improved by nanofiller incorporation. Rubber process analyzer found a very useful tool to understand the melt rheology of nanosilica filled TPVs in terms of dynamic functions over a wide range of strain amplitude and frequency. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers

Kakali Chatterjee

Papers

Cloud security issues and challenges

Negative and Positive Transcriptional Regulation by Thyroid Hormone Receptor Isoforms

Development of thermoplastic elastomers based on maleated ethylene propylene rubber (m-EPM) and polypropylene (PP) by dynamic vulcanization

Study on characterization and properties of nanosilica-filled thermoplastic vulcanizates

An improved privacy preservation technique in health-cloud