A doctor blade for wiping printing ink off a surface of a printing plate, comprising a flat and elongated main body having a working edge region configured in a longitudinal direction, the working edge region being covered with a first coating on the basis of a nickel-phosphorus alloy applied by electroless deposition, and hard material particles being dispersed in the first coating, characterized in that the first coating is covered with a second coating on the basis of galvanically deposited nickel.

The doctor blade

Deep learning enabled state-of-charge estimation of LiFePO4 batteries: A systematic validation on state-of-the-art charging protocols

Despite fast technological advances, the worldwide adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is still hampered mainly by charging time, efficiency, and lifespan. Lithium-ion batteries have become the primary source for EVs because of their high energy density and long lifetime. Currently, several methods intend to determine the health of lithium-ion batteries fast-charging protocols. Filling a gap in the literature, a clear classification of charging protocols is presented and investigated here. This paper categorizes fast-charging protocols into the power management protocol, which depends on a controllable current, voltage, and cell temperature, and the material aspects charging protocol, which is based on material physical modification and chemical structures of the lithium-ion battery. In addition, each of the charging protocols is further subdivided into more detailed methodologies and aspects. A full evaluation and comparison of the latest studies is proposed according to the underlying parameterization effort, the battery cell used, efficiency, cycle life, charging time, and increase in surface temperature of the battery. The pros and cons of each protocol are scrutinized to reveal possible research tracks concerning EV fast-charging protocols.

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A Review of Various Fast Charging Power and Thermal Protocols for Electric Vehicles Represented by Lithium-Ion Battery Systems

Sodium-sulfur batteries operating at ambient temperature are being extensively studied because of the high theoretical capacity and abundant resources, yet the long-chain polysulfides' shuttle effect causes poor cycling performance of Na-S batteries. We report an annealing/etching method to converse low-cost wheat bran to a 3D honeycomb-like carbon with abundant micropores (WBMC), which is smaller than S8 molecular size (∼0.7 nm). Thus, the microporous structure could only fill small molecular sulfur (S2-4). The micropores made sulfur a one-step reaction without the shuttle effect due to the formed short-chain polysulfides being insoluble. The WBMC@S exhibits an excellent initial capacity (1413 mAh g-1) at 0.2 C, outstanding cycling performance (822 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C), and high rate performance (483 mAh g-1 at 3.0 C). The electrochemical performance proves that the steric confinement of micropores effectively terminates the shuttle effect.

Three-Dimensional Honeycomb-Like Carbon as Sulfur Host for Sodium-Sulfur Batteries without the Shuttle Effect.

Li-ion batteries, the most-popular secondary battery, are typically electrochemical systems controlled by ion insertion dynamics. The battery dynamics involves mass transport, charge transfer, ion-electron coupled reaction, electrolyte penetration, ion solvation, and interfacial evolution. However, the traditional electrochemical methods are hard to capture the accurate and individual details of different dynamic processes in the "black box" batteries, instead, only the net result of multi-factors on whole scale. Recently, different types of advanced visualization techniques are developed, which provide us powerful tools to track and monitor the internal on-site real-time dynamic processes inside the "black box" batteries, giving intuitionistic details and fine information at various scales from crystal lattice, single particle, electrode to cell level. Here, we review the recent progress on the investigation of electrochemical dynamics in battery materials via developed techniques across wide timescales and space-scales, including the dynamic process inside the active particle, kinetics issues at the electrode/electrolyte interface, dynamic inhomogeneity in electrode, and dynamic transportation in cell level. Finally, we summarize the fundamental principles to improve the battery dynamics and highlight new technologies for future more stringent conditions. In prospect, this review opens sight on battery interior for a clearer, deeper and more thorough understanding of dynamics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Dynamic Investigation of Battery Materials via Advanced Visualization: From Particle, Electrode to Cell Level (Adv. Mater. 52/2022)

The objective of this article is to illustrate the various fast charging techniques that are being used to charge the lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Various charging protocols such as constant current, constant voltage, constant current constant voltage, multistage constant current, varying current method, pulse charging methods are critically reviewed and explained in their broader perspective of fundamental concepts to their modeling/simulation. Amongst, the constant current constant voltage charging approach is considered as a benchmark for other charging protocols in terms of the charging time, the charging efficiency, and battery life. A critical comparison among the various charging methods mentioned above are discussed and possible future research directions in the design and development of new fast charging techniques have been proposed based on the commercial and societal demands.

Critical Insights Into Fast Charging Techniques for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/abfab6/pdf

Perspective—Application-Driven Industrial-Scale Manufacturing of Li/Na-Ion Battery Cathodes: Current Status and Future Perspective

Accurate estimation of battery internal model parameters and consequently SOC prediction is crucial in any battery power system. Hence, it is a fundamental need in electric vehicles, smart grids, and energy storage systems. The accuracy of parameters identification will affect the battery management system, battery safety, characteristics, and performance, which mainly depends on battery model parameters. So, to estimate the parameters accurately and easily, we require effective, simple, and robust parameters estimation algorithms. In this article, we propose a new method for estimation of parameters using least square method algorithm for Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. In this, a second-order RC equivalent circuit model is considered for estimation of parameters of NMC battery. The estimation of parameters and relation between OCV-SOC nonlinear is obtained from the experimental data. This proposed method shows that the calculation of parameters is fast and efficient.

Lithium-Ion Battery Model Parameters Estimation Using Equivalent Circuit Model for E-mobility Applications


 The recent surge of research in the development of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as an alternative to the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has shown that the SIBs can reduce the load of LIBs in certain areas. However, the development of SIBs in the commercial arenas is yet to be tapped. This perspective delineates the importance of Ni-rich cathodes and various strategies to ameliorate the performance of the Ni-rich cathodes in SIBs. We also discuss various synthesis routes for the industrial-scale synthesis of Ni-rich materials and try to elucidate the importance of SC cathodes and the necessity to develop those in SIBs.

Perspective—Challenges and Benchmarking in Scale-Up of Ni-Rich Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Controlling the electronic devices through the Internet of Things (IoT) interfaces is essential in our mundane life. By observing the important parameters, controlling of the system can be performed which produces important pieces of information by keeping in mind the functioning of these e-devices. The outcomes of the environmental observances are associated with this scrutiny. The collected information can be used to create actions such as heating of devices, dominant cooling, or long-term statistics. Through the help of network or any other android application, data can be uploaded on the cloud. In the present study, Arduino UNO and Wi-Fi modules are used to process and transfer the sensed data to the Thingspeak cloud. Thus, the cloud platform (Thingspeak) contains the parameters that are received. Any variation in the surroundings is reported in the form of a database through the cloud computing method.

Kamala Kumari Duru

Papers

Critical Insights Into Fast Charging Techniques for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

Perspective—Application-Driven Industrial-Scale Manufacturing of Li/Na-Ion Battery Cathodes: Current Status and Future Perspective

Lithium-Ion Battery Model Parameters Estimation Using Equivalent Circuit Model for E-mobility Applications

Perspective—Challenges and Benchmarking in Scale-Up of Ni-Rich Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

IoT Based Humidity, Temperature, and Gas Monitoring Using Arduino UNO