Inclusion and democracy.

A sweeping examination of the core issues of sexual politics, bell hook's new book Feminist Theory: from margin to center argues that the contemporary feminist movement must establish a new direction for the 1980s. Continuing the debates surrounding her controversial first book, Ain't I A Woman, bell hooks suggests that feminists have not succeeded in creating a mass movem A sweeping examination of the core issues of sexual politics, bell hook's new book Feminist Theory: from margin to center argues that the contemporary feminist movement must establish a new direction for the 1980s. Continuing the debates surrounding her controversial first book, Ain't I A Woman, bell hooks suggests that feminists have not succeeded in creating a mass movement against sexist oppression because the very foundation of women's liberation has, until now, not accounted for the complexity and diversity of female experience.

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Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center

Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World.

Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World

Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives.

The under-representation of women on boards is a heavily discussed topic – not only in Germany. Based on critical mass theory and with the help of a hand-collected panel data set of 151 listed German firms for the years 2000-2005, we explore whether the link between gender diversity and firm performance follows a U-shape. Controlling for reversed causality, we find evidence for gender diversity to at first negatively affect firm performance and – only after a “critical mass” of about 30 percent women has been reached – to be associated with higher firm performance than completely male boards. Given our sample firms, the critical mass of 30 percent women translates into an absolute number of about three women on the board and hence supports recent studies on a corresponding “magic number” of women in the boardroom.

Gender Diversity in the Boardroom and Firm Performance: What Exactly Constitutes a 'Critical Mass'?

This article seeks to rethink how scholars have traditionally studied women's substantive representation. It outlines a framework that aims to replace questions like ‘Do women represent women?’ with ones like ‘Who claims to act for women?’ and ‘Where, how, and why does the substantive representation of women occur?’ Arguing that representation occurs both inside and outside legislative arenas, the article calls attention to the wide range of actors, sites, goal, and means that inform processes of substantive representation.

/pdf/rethinking-women-s-substantive-representation-190c2vkty8.pdf

Rethinking women's substantive representation

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/699281/file/702299.pdf

Rethinking women’s substantive representation

Based on empirical data, speeches from the budget debates of the Belgian Lower House (1900–1979), this article explores the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation of women. The article concludes that women members of Parliament (MPs) were women's most fervent representatives and contributed in a unique way to how women were represented; they stretched the borders of the political definition of women's interests and made them fit better with the way women themselves defined their interests. The research contributes to the development of the concepts “substantive representation” and “women's interests” and of the methodology of empirical research in this field.

Substantive representation of women: the representation of women's interests and the impact of descriptive representation in the Belgian parliament (1900-1979)

Recent developments in the gender and politics literature suggest that studying the substantive representation of women is much more complicated than counting the number of women present in a parti...

Karen Celis

Papers

Rethinking women's substantive representation

Rethinking women’s substantive representation

Substantive representation of women: the representation of women's interests and the impact of descriptive representation in the Belgian parliament (1900-1979)

The Substantive Representation of Women: What to Do with Conservative Claims?

Introduction: The Descriptive and Substantive Representation of Women: New Directions