The Rise of the Creative Class

2.3. Amorphous Minerals 4354 3. Biological Routes to Controlling Morphology 4354 3.1. General Mechanisms 4356 3.1.1. Soluble and Insoluble Organic Molecules 4356 3.1.2. Control over Crystal Polymorph 4357 3.1.3. Control over Crystal Orientation 4359 3.2. Single-Crystal Biominerals 4359 3.2.1. Organic and Inorganic Soluble Additives 4360 3.2.2. Templating of Single-Crystal Morphologies 4361 3.3. Polycrystalline Biominerals 4366 3.3.1. Nacre Formation in Mollusks 4366 3.3.2. ForaminiferasA Biogenic Mesocrystal 4368 3.4. Amorphous Biominerals 4370 3.4.1. Silicification in Diatoms 4370 3.4.2. In Vitro Studies of Silicification in Diatoms 4371 4. Bioinspired Routes to Controlling Crystal Morphologies 4371

Controlling Mineral Morphologies and Structures in Biological and Synthetic Systems

In developing its new engineering accreditation criteria, ABET reaffirmed a set of “hard” engineering skills while introducing a second, equally important, set of six “professional” skills. These latter skills include communication, teamwork, and understanding ethics and professionalism, which we label process skills, and engineering within a global and societal context, lifelong learning, and a knowledge of contemporary issues, which we designate as awareness skills. We review these skills with an emphasis on how they can be taught, or more correctly learned, citing a number of examples of successful and/or promising implementations. We then examine the difficult issue of assessing these skills. We are very positive about a number of creative ways that these skills are being learned, particularly at institutions that are turning to global and/or service learning in combination with engineering design projects to teach and reinforce outcome combinations. We are also encouraged by work directed at assessing these skills, but recognize that there is considerable research that remains to be done.

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The ABET “Professional Skills” — Can They Be Taught? Can They Be Assessed?

Protein- and peptide-directed syntheses of inorganic materials.

Organic phase change materials and their textile applications: An overview

Latent energy storage capacity was analyzed for a system consisting of carbon nanoparticles doped phase change materials (PCMs). Three types of samples were prepared by doping shell wax with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multiwall CNTs, and carbon nanofibers. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the latent heat of fusion. The measured values of latent heat for all the samples showed a good enhancement over the latent heat of pure wax. A maximum enhancement of approximately 13% was observed for the wax/SWCNT composite corresponding to 1% loading of SWCNT. The change in latent heat was modeled by using an approximation for the intermolecular attraction based on the Lennard-Jones potential. A theoretical model was formulated to estimate the overall latent energy of the samples with the variation in volume fraction of the nanoparticles. The predicted values of latent energy from the model showed good agreement with the experimental results. It was concluded that the higher molecular ...

https://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=cme_fac_pub

Carbon nanoadditives to enhance latent energy storage of phase change materials

Study of the Chemical and Physical Influences upon in Vitro Peptide-Mediated Silica Formation

A study is presented to determine the effects of evaporation from the thin film region of a liquid-vapor meniscus within the micropores of a heat pipe porous or grooved wick on the interfacial shape, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution. Wayner's theoretical treatment of evaporating thin films is applied to the problem of an evaporating extended meniscus within circular or slotted pores. In this application of Wayner's model, the nondimensional momentum equation is uniquely scaled in terms of the capillary number, to justify the use of the static meniscus curvature as a boundary condition for the extended meniscus profile even for the dynamic evaporating conditions studied herein. This boundary condition for small capillary numbers is consistent with the observation of the nearly constant meniscus curvature with evaporation rate that the thin film must asymptotically approach. From these basic tenets, the mechanical and thermal behavior of a stably, evaporating, nonisothermal extended meniscus is predicted. The resulting predictions are qualitatively consistent with the experimental findings of Wayner and the previous theoretical studies. They further support the claims that for the cases studied herein, both thermocapillary stresses and vapor recoil stresses at the liquid-vapor interface are negligible. However, scaling arguments are presented that identify the conditions necessary for these terms to be important.

Evaporation from an extended meniscus for nonisothermal interfacial conditions

Effects of the Liquid Polarity and the Wall Slip on the Heat and Mass Transport Characteristics of the Micro-Scale Evaporating Transition Film

An investigation of thermocapillary effects on heated menisci formed by volatile liquids in capillary pumped heat transfer devices has been conducted. This research was motivated by the importance of the evaporation process from porous or grooved media integral to the operation of capillary pumped heat transport devices such as heat pipes and capillary pumped loops. From analysis, a criteria was established which predicts the thermal conditions at which the destablizing influences of thermocapillary stresses near the contact line of a heated and evaporating meniscus cause the meniscus to become unstable. Experimentally, two different idealized models of capillary pumped phase change loops were investigated to assess the suitability of the predictions. Correspondence between theory and experiment was observed. Given the observed dry-out of the evaporator at higher heat inputs after the meniscus becomes unstable, the importance of predicting the conditions at the instability onset is made clear.

Kevin P. Hallinan

Papers

Carbon nanoadditives to enhance latent energy storage of phase change materials

Study of the Chemical and Physical Influences upon in Vitro Peptide-Mediated Silica Formation

Evaporation from an extended meniscus for nonisothermal interfacial conditions

Effects of the Liquid Polarity and the Wall Slip on the Heat and Mass Transport Characteristics of the Micro-Scale Evaporating Transition Film

Thermocapillary Effects on the Stability of a Heated, Curved Meniscus