follow-up. Results: There were large variations in the outcome parameters across studies. Mortality estimated on the basis of both crude and standardized rates was significantly high. Among the surviving patients, less than one-half recovered on average, whereas one-third improved, and 20% remained chronically ill. The normalization of the core symptoms, involving weight, menstruation, and eating behaviors, was slightly better when each symptom was analyzed in isolation. The presence of other psychiatric disorders at follow-up was very common. Longer duration of follow-up and, less strongly, younger age at onset of illness were associated with better outcome. There was no convincing evidence that the outcome of anorexia nervosa improved over the second half of the last century. Several prognostic features were isolated, but there is conflicting evidence. Most clearly, vomiting, bulimia, and purgative abuse, chronicity of illness, and obsessive-compulsive personality symptoms are unfavorable prognostic features. Conclusions: Anorexia nervosa did not lose its relatively poor prognosis in the 20th century. Advances in etiology and treatment may improve the course of patients with anorexia nervosa in the future.

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The outcome of Anorexia nervosa in the 20th century

Reaction of zirconocene dichloride with alkyllithiums or alkyl grignard reagents as a convenient method for generating a “zirconocene” equivalant and its use in zirconium-promoted cyclization of alkenes, alkynes, dienes, enynes, and diynes☆

Synthesis and properties of boranocarbonate: a convenient in situ CO source for the aqueous preparation of [(99m)Tc(OH(2))3(CO)3]+.

Objective
The current study presents the long-term course of anorexia nervosa (AN) over 12 years in a large sample of 103 patients diagnosed according to criteria in the 4th ed of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)

Method
Assessments were made at the beginning of therapy, at the end of therapy, at the 2-year follow-up, at the 6-year follow-up, and at the 12-year follow-up Self-rating and an expert-rating interview data were obtained

Results
The participation rate at the 12-year follow-up was 88% of those alive There was substantial improvement during therapy, a moderate (in many instances nonsignificant) decline during the first 2 years posttreatment, and further improvement from 3 to 12 years posttreatment Based on a global 12-year outcome score, 275% had a good outcome, 253% an intermediate outcome, 396% had a poor outcome, and 7 (77%) were deceased At the 12-year follow-up 190% had AN, 95% had bulimia nervosa-purging type (BN-P), 190% were classified as eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) A total of 524% showed no major DSM-IV eating disorder and 0% had binge eating disorder (BED) Systematic—strictly empirically based—model building resulted in a parsimonious model including four predictors of unfavorable 12-year outcome explaining 45% of the variance, that is, sexual problems, impulsivity, long duration of inpatient treatment, and long duration of an eating disorder

Conclusion
Mortality was high and symptomatic recovery protracted Impulsivity, symptom severity, and chronicity were the important factors for predicting the 12-year outcome © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Twelve-year course and outcome predictors of anorexia nervosa

The authors review the reactions of organometallic zirconium compounds. Specific interest is placed on reactions where C-C bonds are formed.

Patterns of Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactions of Organozirconium and Related Complexes of Synthetic Interest

Synthesis, structure, and equilibration of s-cis- and s-trans- .eta.4-conjugated diene-zirconocene complexes

In Gegenwart offenkettiger konjugierter Diene fuhrt die Umsetzung von Zirconocendichlorid mit Lithiummetall bzw. die photochemisch induzierte reduktive Eliminierung von Biphenyl aus Diphenylzirconocen zu (η4-Dien)zirconocen-Komplexen 2. Die Rontgenstrukturanalyse des Butadienkomplexes 2a zeigt erstmals die Bildung eines einkernigen Metallkomplexes an, bei dem beide Doppelbindungen des s-trans-Konformeren eines konjugierten Diens an das gleiche Ubergangsmetallzentrum gebunden sind. Die (s-trans-η4-Dien)zirconocen-Komplexe 2 stehen im Gleichgewicht mit den (s-cis-η4-Dien)zirconocen-Isomeren 4; beide Isomere konnen leicht NMR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert werden.



(s-trans-η4-Diene)zirconocene Complexes



In the presence of open-chain conjugated dienes treatment of zirconocene dichloride with lithium metal or photochemically induced reductive elimination of biphenyl from diphenylzirconocene yields (η4-diene)zirconocene complexes 2. Structural analysis of the butadiene complex 2a by X-ray diffraction for the first time reveals the formation of a mono-nuclear metal complex showing the coordination of both double bonds of the s-trans-conformer of a conjugated diene to the same transition metal center. The (s-trans-η4-diene)zirconocene complexes 2 equilibrate with their (s-cis-η4-diene)zirconocene isomers 4; both the isomers can readily be characterized NMR spectroscopically.

(s‐trans‐η4‐Dien)zirconocen‐Komplexe

Bei (s-cis-η4-Dien)zirconocen-Komplexen 1 zeigen die Geschwindigkeiten der thermischen Automerisierung wie auch der Reaktion mit Kohlenmonoxid eine ahnliche und ausgepragte Abhangigkeit von den Substituenten am Dienliganden. An Hand der Rontgenstrukturanalysen der Komplexe mit 2,3-Dimethyl-(1d) und 2,3-Diphenylbutadien (1f) wird dieser Substituenteneinflus mit dem unterschiedlichen σ-Bindungscharakter dieser Liganden erklart. Die Hydrolyse der Carbonylierungsprodukte von 1 liefert Cyclopentenone.



Reactivity and Structure of (s-cis-1,3-Diene)zirconocene Complexes



For (s-cis-η4-diene)zirconocene complexes 1 the rates of thermal automerization as well as the reaction with carbon monoxide exhibit a comparable and pronounced dependence on substituents of the diene ligand. Based on X-ray structures of the complexes with 2,3-dimethyl-(1d) and 2,3-diphenylbutadiene (1f), this substituent effect is interpreted as arising from a different σ-bonding character of these ligands. Hydrolysis of the carbonylation products obtained from 1 yields cyclopentenones.

Reaktionsverhalten und Struktur von (s‐cis‐1,3‐Dien)‐zirconocen‐Komplexen

Structural and chemical features of early transition-metal compounds: notable differences between corresponding pairs of (s-cis-.eta.4-conjugated diene)zirconocene and -hafnocene complexes

The Structured Interview for Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa (SIAB) was developed as a semi-standardized interview for reliable and valid assessment of specific as well as general psychopathology and of family interaction and pathology in eating disorders. Principal components analyses (PCA) with varimax rotation produced the following six components for the psychopathology scale (SIAB-P): (1) body-image and ideal of slimness; (2) social integration and sexuality; (3) depression; (4) compulsion and anxiety; (5) bulimic symptoms, and (6) laxative abuse. The family interaction and pathology scale (SIAB-FAM) produced the four components: (1) parental marital dissatisfaction; (2) achievement orientation and performance expectancy; (3) rigidity and disturbed family interactions; and (4) family closeness and enmeshment. High interrater reliability and high internal consistency where established for the present (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and for the past symptom expression in the SIAB-psychopathology scale and the SIAB-FAM. The alpha coefficients indicated a satisfactory degree of internal consistency also for each subscale of the SIAB-P and the SIAB-FAM. Results of the principle components analyses with rotation are presented for 346 eating-disordered patients and 111 healthy community controls. For the purpose of validation, correlations with subscales of a self-rating scale for eating disorders [Anorexia Nervosa Inventory for Self-rating (ANIS)] and an interview for eating disorders [Eating Disorder Examination (EDE)] are presented. DSM-III-R and ICD 10 diagnoses for eating disorders can be directly derived from the SIAB-P.

Klaus Engel

Papers

Synthesis, structure, and equilibration of s-cis- and s-trans- .eta.4-conjugated diene-zirconocene complexes

(s‐trans‐η4‐Dien)zirconocen‐Komplexe

Reaktionsverhalten und Struktur von (s‐cis‐1,3‐Dien)‐zirconocen‐Komplexen

Structural and chemical features of early transition-metal compounds: notable differences between corresponding pairs of (s-cis-.eta.4-conjugated diene)zirconocene and -hafnocene complexes

Structured interview for anorexia and bulimia nervosa (SIAB): Development of a new instrument for the assessment of eating disorders