Simple sugars, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and their derivatives, including the methyl ethers with free or potentially free reducing groups, give an orangeyellow color w-hen treated with phenol and concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction is sensitive and the color is stable. By use of this phenol-sulfuric acid reaction, a method has been developed to determine submicro amounts of sugars and related substances. In conjunction with paper partition chromatography the method is useful for the determination of the composition of polysaccharides and their methyl derivatives.

Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances

Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar

A statistical mechanical treatment of high polymer solutions has been carried out on the basis of an idealized model, originally proposed by Meyer, which is analogous to the one ordinarily assumed in the derivation of the ``ideal'' solution laws for molecules of equal size. There is obtained for the entropy of mixing of n solvent and N linear polymer molecules (originally disoriented), ΔS=−k[(n/β) ln v1+N ln v2] where v1 and v2 are volume fractions and β is the number of solvent molecules replaceable by a freely orienting segment of the polymer chain. This expression is similar in form to the classical expression for equal‐sized molecules, mole fractions having been replaced by volume fractions. When the disparity between the sizes of the two components is great, this expression gives entropies differing widely from the classical values, which accounts for the large deviations of high polymer solutions from ``ideal'' behavior. The entropy of disorientation of a perfectly arranged linear polymer is found t...

Thermodynamics of High Polymer Solutions

[17] Amylases, α and β

Publisher Summary The vibrational spectrum of a molecule is determined by its three-dimensional structure and its vibrational force field. An analysis of this (usually infrared (IR) and Raman) spectrum can therefore provide information on the structure and on intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. The more probing the analysis, the more detailed is the information that can be obtained. Detailed analyses of the vibrational spectra of macromolecules, however, have provided a deeper understanding of structure and interactions in these systems. An important advance in this direction for proteins came with the determination of the normal modes of vibration of the peptide group in N-methylacetamide, and the characterization of several specific amide vibrations in polypeptide systems. Extensive use has been made of spectra-structure correlations based on some of these amide modes, including attempts to determine secondary structure composition in proteins. Polypeptide molecules exhibit many more vibrational frequencies than the amide modes. Over the years, some normal-mode calculations have provided greater insight into the spectra of particular molecules. However, these have often been based on approximate structures or have employed limited force fields. These force fields can now serve as a basis for detailed analyses of spectral and structural questions in other polypeptide molecules. The aim of this chapter is to present these recent developments in the vibrational spectroscopy of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins.

Vibrational spectroscopy and conformation of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins.

gewe ih t ist. A s c h e n u n d ein k le iner L a v a s t r o m , d e m a n c h die d o r t so b e z e i c h n e n d e n s chwarzen Sch l acken angehSren , die RITTMAXN n o t g e d r u n g e n n o c h d e m S. lViichele-Krater zusch re iben mul3te, e n t s p r a n g e n h i e r u n d bedeck ten , dabe i e t l i che l~indliche A n w e s e n zers t6 rend , die N a c h b a r s c h a f t . W i r h a b e n u n t e r i h n e n glas ier te u n d r o h e mi t t e l a l t e r l i che S c h e r b e n in Menge gesammel t , u n d die B a u e r n h a b e n frf iher die d a m a l s e n t s t a n d e n e n H o l z k o h l e n (Kas tan ienho lz ) zen tne rwe i se v e r k a u f t . E i n e genaue D a t i e r u n g de r v o r aIIem m i t Sp i ra l en b e m a l t e n K e r a m i k w a r b i she r noch n i c h t m6gl ich. E n t w e d e r lag dieser neue A u s b r u c h zei t l ich d e m A r s o A u s b r u c h so nahe , dal3 er m i t i b m z u s a m m e n geworfen wurde, oder er lag vo r ihm, d e n n a n d e r e n falls wf i rde er k a u m o h n e jede l i t e ra r i sche Beu r k u n d u n g geb l ieben sein. E i n in v ie le r H i n s i c h t neues I3ild yon de r s p g t e r e n E n t w i c M u n g s g e s c h i c h t e de r Inse l h a t s ich uns au fge tan . Ausbrf iche , welche n a c h a l lgemeiner A n s i c h t in f e rns te Vorze i t zu legen waren , s ind in h i s to r i s che Ze i t ger f ick t worden . I n s b e s o n d e r e h a t s ich ergeben, dab y o n de r s p g t e r e n E i senze i t bis 3oo n. Chr. au f I s ch i a ge radezu die H611e war . V~esent l iche Tei le de r Insel , die uns h e u t e en t zi icken, s ind d a m a l s e rs t g e f o r m t worden , u n d ihre Bev61kerung h a t t e F u r c h t b a r e s zu le iden. L a n d f r e m d e Siedler, wie die Gr i echen oder die s y r a k u s a n i sche I3esa tzung auf dem Mte. Vico, h a b e n r o l l G r a u e n das W e i t e gesucht , a b e t der i sc lanische B a u e r i s t se iner Scholle t r o t z d e m t r e u gebl ieben. V o n so l chem A u s h a r r e n k f inden Aufschli isse, wie der ]Fig. 7 wiedergegebene , au f d e m n i c h t wen ige r als 5 K u l t u r s c h i c h t e n f ibe re inander l i egen! Auf G r u n d unse re r F e s t s t e l l u n g e n wi rd a u c h e r s t e igen t l i ch versf i indl ich , w a r u m die Inse l t r o t z i h r e r l a n d s c h a f t l i c h e n Reize u n d ih r e r y o n den a n t i k e n 2 i rz ten sehr wohl gewi i rd ig ten he iBen Quellen, D S m p f e u n d S a n d e i m A l t e r t u m keiner le i Rol le gesp ie l t ha t . W~ihrend B a i a sich m i t T h e r m e n u n d Landh/~usern schmf ick te u n d z u m T r e f f p u n k t der r S m i s c h e n Gese l l schaf t wnrde , e n t s t a n d e n anf de r n a h e n u n d ungle ich s c h 6 n e r e n Inse l ke iner le i grSBere I3auten. M a n f f i rch te te die Gewa l t des G i g a n t e n Typhoeus , we lche r der Sage n a c h n n t e r ih r gefessel t lag, u n d mied s ie . Es i s t das e rs temal , dab v e r s u c h t wird, die Chronologie de r Ausbr f i che eines Geb ie te s au f G r u n d vo rgesch i ch f i i che r u n d arch~iologischer ]Funde aufzuk15xen. I m wesen t l i chen i s t uns das wohl ge lungen, u n d wei te re B e m f i h n n g e n w e r d e n s icher noch zur Bese i t i gung de r e inen oder a n d e r e n U n s i c h e r h e i t ff ihren. Wie reizvol l es ist, aus d en I Die NaturLwissenschaften

Über die Konstitution des Amylopektins

Bemerkungen zur 56. Mitteilung von H. Staudinger: Über hochpolymere Verbindungen

2,045,968 3,5,8,10-TETRAAROYLPYRENES AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME Roland Scholl, Dresden, and Kurt Meyer, BerlinZehlendorf, Germany, assignors to the firm of Society of Chemical Industry in Basle, Basel, Switzerland No Drawing. Application July 8, 1935, Serial No. 30,406. In Switzerland July...

3, 5, 8, 10-tetraaroylpyrenes and process of making the same

The action of ultra-violet radiation on rubber has been the object of a long series of investigations. According to van Rossem, rubber is depolymerized under the action of light. Asano on the other hand thinks that ultra-violet light, is able to bring about either polymerization or depolymerization according to its wave-length. More recently Dogadkin and Pantschenkov have carried out experiments in an atmosphere of nitrogen, during the course of which they have found a strong diminution in the viscosity. From this fact they have concluded that light is able to cause depolymerization and micellar degradation. We have undertaken a study of the action of ultra-violet light on rubber in order to prove whether the double cis-linkages of rubber undergo a transposition into trans-linkages, for numerous instances are known where light causes these cis-trans-transpositions. In the case of rubber, one should obtain, therefore, either a hydrocarbon of the gutta-percha type or, if light causes a sort of cis-...

Properties of Higher Polymers in Solution. III. The Action of Ultra-Violet Light on Dissolved Rubber

/pdf/berichtigung-zu-unserer-arbeit-synthese-des-formamids-aus-9wys9tyfrc.pdf

Kurt H. Meyer

Papers

Über die Konstitution des Amylopektins

Bemerkungen zur 56. Mitteilung von H. Staudinger: Über hochpolymere Verbindungen

3, 5, 8, 10-tetraaroylpyrenes and process of making the same

Properties of Higher Polymers in Solution. III. The Action of Ultra-Violet Light on Dissolved Rubber

Berichtigung zu unserer Arbeit »Synthese des Formamids aus Kohlenoxyd und Ammoniak«