다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Molecular self-assembly is the spontaneous association of molecules under equilibrium conditions into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates joined by noncovalent bonds. Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in biological systems and underlies the formation of a wide variety of complex biological structures. Understanding self-assembly and the associated noncovalent interactions that connect complementary interacting molecular surfaces in biological aggregates is a central concern in structural biochemistry. Self-assembly is also emerging as a new strategy in chemical synthesis, with the potential of generating nonbiological structures with dimensions of 1 to 10(2) nanometers (with molecular weights of 10(4) to 10(10) daltons). Structures in the upper part of this range of sizes are presently inaccessible through chemical synthesis, and the ability to prepare them would open a route to structures comparable in size (and perhaps complementary in function) to those that can be prepared by microlithography and other techniques of microfabrication.

Molecular self-assembly and nanochemistry: A chemical strategy for the synthesis of nanostructures

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (also called electrochemiluminescence and abbreviated ECL) is the process whereby species generated at electrodes undergo high-energy electron-transfer reactions to form excited states that emit light. The first detailed ECL studies were described by Hercules and Bard et al. in the mid-1960s, although reports concerning light emission during electrolysis date back to the 1920s by Harvey. After about 40 years study, ECL has now become a very powerful analytical technique and been widely used in the areas of, for example, immunoassay, food and water testing, and biowarfare agent detection. ECL has also been successfully exploited as a detector of flow injection analysis (FIA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis, and micro total analysis (μTAS). Figure 1 illustrates a time line of various events in the development of ECL. A literature survey using SciFinder Scholar reveals that more than 2000 journal articles, book chapters, and patents on various topics of ECL have been published. The overall number of publications, as shown in Figure 2, has increased exponentially over the past 20 years, of which 40–50% were biorelated. Similar amounts of ECL papers could be also found from the Thomson ISI Web of Science as well as † Telephone (601) 266 4716; fax (601) 266 6075; e-mail wujian.miao@ usm.edu. Wujian Miao received his undergraduate diploma in chemistry from Nantong University (Nantong, China) in 1982, his M.Sc. degree in analytical chemistry from Zhongshan University (Guangzhou, China, with Jinyuan Mo) in 1991, and his Ph.D. degree in electrochemistry from Monash University (Melbourne, Australia, with Alan M. Bond) in 2000. He then served as a Research Scientist in CSIRO (Melbourne, Australia), followed by a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Texas at Austin with Allen J. Bard in 2001. Since 2004 he has served as an assistant professor of chemistry at the University of Southern Mississippi.

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Its Biorelated Applications

The chemical and structural analysis of graphene oxide with different degrees of oxidation

This paper describes a simple, inexpensive and easily constructed toxicity biosensor that uses freeze-dried bioluminescent bacteria, photobacterium phosphoreum IFO 13896. To compensate for bacterial activity, we apply a differential photometer circuit to measure bioluminescence. Instead of a photomultiplier tube, dual photodiodes were used to reduce the cost of the sensor system. The concentrations of toxic compounds causing 50% light loss (50% effective concentrations, EC50) were determined immediately and 30 min after rehydration of the bacteria from a freeze-dried state. The EC50 values at dual mode operation with differential amplification are nearly constant for the temperature range between 10 and 25degC, whereas the EC50 values at single mode operation increase with temperature, resulting in low sensitivity. The performance of the portable biosensor as a tool for determining p-nitrophenol, mercury, cadmium, and lead toxicity is demonstrated.

A Field-Portable Toxicity Tester using Bacterial Bioluminescence

Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Research: Focus on Bio‐Functionalization, Biosynthesis, and Biomedical Applications

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has substantiated itself over the past two decades as a fundamental apparatus for examining microbial frameworks. This chapter deals with how AFM is being utilized in the microbiological field for analyzing surface morphology and its interaction mechanism with other nanomaterials. Live cell immobilization enables AFM imaging and force quantity provides comprehensive data over the structure and dimensions of various microbial cells. At the macromolecular level, AFM studies provide insight into surface morphologies and the dynamics related to their mechanical adaptability and profound knowledge in the intricate associations of microbial cells. At the unit of an intact cell, AFM affords unified investigation of how the microbial cell explores its environs over its specific and versatile interfaces. Along with these, AFM also examines microbial biofilms for applicability in the engineering and biomedical analysis process. Futuristic solicitation of AFM to microbial outlines tends to be in combination with other morphological studies, for instance, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, to explicate active cellular progressions.

Kyusik Yun

Papers

A Field-Portable Toxicity Tester using Bacterial Bioluminescence

Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Research: Focus on Bio‐Functionalization, Biosynthesis, and Biomedical Applications

Recent developments in using atomic force microscopy in microbiology research: An update