Conversion constants for redox potentials measured versus different reference electrodes in acetonitrile solutions at 25°C

http://scheikundeinbedrijf.nl/content/modules/modulenaam/files/b713736m.pdf

The E Factor: fifteen years on

In this tutorial review, the fundamental concepts underlying the principles of green and sustainable chemistry - atom and step economy and the E factor - are presented, within the general context of efficiency in organic synthesis. The importance of waste minimisation through the widespread application of catalysis in all its forms – homogeneous, heterogeneous, organocatalysis and biocatalysis – is discussed. These general principles are illustrated with simple practical examples, such as alcohol oxidation and carbonylation and the asymmetric reduction of ketones. The latter reaction is exemplified by a three enzyme process for the production of a key intermediate in the synthesis of the cholesterol lowering agent, atorvastatin. The immobilisation of enzymes as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) as a means of optimizing operational performance is presented. The use of immobilised enzymes in catalytic cascade processes is illustrated with a trienzymatic process for the conversion of benzaldehyde to (S)-mandelic acid using a combi-CLEA containing three enzymes. Finally, the transition from fossil-based chemicals manufacture to a more sustainable biomass-based production is discussed.

http://www.industrialgreenchem.com/pdf-docs/abstracts/roger-sheldon.pdf

Fundamentals of green chemistry: efficiency in reaction design

Metal-mediated reductive hydrodehalogenation of organic halides.

E factors, green chemistry and catalysis: an odyssey

Toward a ‘reagent-free’ synthesis

A practical multigram-scale synthesis of allo-inositol

Fully stereoselective large-scale syntheses have been attained for l - chiro -inositol ( 2 ) and muco -inositol ( 3 ) by means of controlled peripheral oxygenation of cyclohexadiene diol 1 .

Inositol synthesis : concise preparation of l-chiro-inositol and muco-inositol from a common intermediate

Aryl cyclopropyl ketones have frequently been used as probes for single-electron transfer in organic reactions. The implicit assumption in these studies is that upon one-electron reduction, the corresponding arylcyclopropylketyl anions will undergo ring opening in analogy to the cyclopropylcarbinyl free radical. Earlier work in our laboratory has shown that ring opening of arylcyclopropylketyl anions is kinetically and thermodynamically unfavorable when the only substituents on the cyclopropane ring are alkyl or H. This sluggishness is attributable to a loss of resonance energy upon ring opening which is not fully compensated by the reliefofcyclopropane ring strain. Consequently, aryl cyclopropyl ketones are unsuitable probes for single-electron transfer. In this paper, we examine the effect of radical-stabilizing substituents (phenyl and vinyl) on the ring opening of arylcyclopropylketyl anions.

Radical Ion Probes. 3. The Importance of Resonance vs. Strain Energy in the Design of SET Probes Based upon the Cyclopropylcarbinyl-to-Homoallyl Radical Rearrangement

Several vinyl halides previously used in inositol syntheses were subjected to electrochemical reduction. The unreactivity of allylic alcohols or allylic ethers at the applied potentials allowed the...

Larry E. Brammer

Papers

Toward a ‘reagent-free’ synthesis

A practical multigram-scale synthesis of allo-inositol

Inositol synthesis : concise preparation of l-chiro-inositol and muco-inositol from a common intermediate

Radical Ion Probes. 3. The Importance of Resonance vs. Strain Energy in the Design of SET Probes Based upon the Cyclopropylcarbinyl-to-Homoallyl Radical Rearrangement

Use of Electrochemical Methods as an Alternative to Tin Reagents for the Reduction of Vinyl Halides in Inositol Synthons.