J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer

Globally, soil organic matter (SOM) contains more than three times as much carbon as either the atmosphere or terrestrial vegetation. Yet it remains largely unknown why some SOM persists for millennia whereas other SOM decomposes readily—and this limits our ability to predict how soils will respond to climate change. Recent analytical and experimental advances have demonstrated that molecular structure alone does not control SOM stability: in fact, environmental and biological controls predominate. Here we propose ways to include this understanding in a new generation of experiments and soil carbon models, thereby improving predictions of the SOM response to global warming.

/pdf/persistence-of-soil-organic-matter-as-an-ecosystem-property-ago0khy192.pdf

Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property

Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride materials (for simplicity: g-C(3)N(4)) have attracted much attention in recent years because of their similarity to graphene. They are composed of C, N, and some minor H content only. In contrast to graphenes, g-C(3)N(4) is a medium-bandgap semiconductor and in that role an effective photocatalyst and chemical catalyst for a broad variety of reactions. In this Review, we describe the "polymer chemistry" of this structure, how band positions and bandgap can be varied by doping and copolymerization, and how the organic solid can be textured to make it an effective heterogenous catalyst. g-C(3)N(4) and its modifications have a high thermal and chemical stability and can catalyze a number of "dream reactions", such as photochemical splitting of water, mild and selective oxidation reactions, and--as a coactive catalytic support--superactive hydrogenation reactions. As carbon nitride is metal-free as such, it also tolerates functional groups and is therefore suited for multipurpose applications in biomass conversion and sustainable chemistry.

Polymeric Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Heterogeneous Organocatalyst: From Photochemistry to Multipurpose Catalysis to Sustainable Chemistry

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics A Textbook of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Students. By Prof. Louis Goodman and Prof. Alfred Gilman. Pp. xiii + 1383. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941.) 50s. net.

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

Role of Oxidants and Antioxidants in the Induction of AP-1, NF-κB, and Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Expression *

Discovery of an efficient artificial catalyst for the sunlight-driven splitting of water into dioxygen and dihydrogen is a major goal of renewable energy research. We describe a solution-phase reaction scheme that leads to the stoichiometric liberation of dihydrogen and dioxygen in consecutive thermal- and light-driven steps mediated by mononuclear, well-defined ruthenium complexes. The initial reaction of water at 25°C with a dearomatized ruthenium (II) [Ru(II)] pincer complex yields a monomeric aromatic Ru(II) hydrido-hydroxo complex that, on further reaction with water at 100°C, releases H2 and forms a cis dihydroxo complex. Irradiation of this complex in the 320-to-420–nanometer range liberates oxygen and regenerates the starting hydrido-hydroxo Ru(II) complex, probably by elimination of hydrogen peroxide, which rapidly disproportionates. Isotopic labeling experiments with H217O and H218O show unequivocally that the process of oxygen–oxygen bond formation is intramolecular, establishing a previously elusive fundamental step toward dioxygen-generating homogeneous catalysis.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/324/5923/74.full.pdf

Consecutive thermal H2 and light-induced O2 evolution from water promoted by a metal complex.

The mode of action of allicin: trapping of radicals and interaction with thiol containing proteins

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been found to be associated with the core of senile plaques. We have shown that AChE interacts with the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and promotes amyloid fibril formation ...

Lev Weiner

Papers

Role of Oxidants and Antioxidants in the Induction of AP-1, NF-κB, and Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Expression *

Consecutive thermal H2 and light-induced O2 evolution from water promoted by a metal complex.

The mode of action of allicin: trapping of radicals and interaction with thiol containing proteins

A structural motif of acetylcholinesterase that promotes amyloid β-peptide fibril formation

The mode of action of allicin: its ready permeability through phospholipid membranes may contribute to its biological activity.