Libia Sanz

TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that exogenous addition of sphingomyelinase (SMase) to NIH-3T3 fibroblasts transactivates a kappa B-dependent chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter plasmid, to an extent similar to that produced by TNF alpha or phosphatidylcholine/phospholipase C.

TL;DR: It is shown here that MAPK and MEK are activated in vivo by an active mutant of zeta PKC, and that a kinase‐defective dominant negative mutant of zeppelin PKC dramatically impairs the activation of both MEK and MAPK by serum and tumour necrosis factor (TNF alpha).

TL;DR: The zeta isoform of protein kinase C (zeta PKC) has been shown to be involved in the maturation of Xenopus oocytes and mitogenic signaling in fibroblasts, and it is shown here that the expression of a dominant negative mutant of Ras (Asn-17) severely impairs the activation of zetaPKC in mouse fibro Blasts.

TL;DR: The ability of EchiTAb-Plus-ICP antivenom to immunodeplete and neutralize the venoms of African spitting cobras was assessed by antivenomics and neutralization tests and the lack of neutralization of lethality of N. nubiae venom may be of medical relevance only in relatively populous areas of the Saharan region.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe two geographically differentiated venom phenotypes across the wide distribution range of Bothrops atrox, from the Colombian Magdalena Medio Valley through Puerto Ayacucho and El Pauji, in the Venezuelan States of Amazonas and Orinoquia, respectively, and Sao Bento in the Brazilian State of Maranhao.