Electroactive phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride) : determination, processing and applications

Conductive polymers: towards a smart biomaterial for tissue engineering.

Biomimetic materials for tissue engineering.

Biodegradable synthetic polymers: Preparation, functionalization and biomedical application

Electrically conductive polymeric materials have recently attracted considerable interest from academic and industrial researchers to explore their potential in biomedical applications such as in biosensors, drug delivery systems, biomedical implants and tissue engineering. Conventional conductive homopolymers such as polypyrrole and PEDOT show promising conductivity for these applications, however their mechanical properties, biocompatibility and processability are often poor. This has led to more recent attention being directed towards conductive polymeric composites comprised of biostable/biocompatible polymers with dispersed conductive fillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes and metallic nanoparticles. The major objective of this paper is to provide an up to date review of the recent investigations conducted in the development of conductive polymer composites focussing on the methods of their preparation, underlying concepts of their conductivity and the ways to tailor their properties. Furthermore, recent progress made in conventional conducting polymers and their composites/blends for biomedical applications is also discussed.

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Electrically conductive polymers and composites for biomedical applications

Synthesis of biodegradable and electroactive multiblock polylactide and aniline pentamer copolymer for tissue engineering applications.

Synthesis and characterization of electroactive and biodegradable ABA block copolymer of polylactide and aniline pentamer.

Electroactive aniline pentamer cross-linking chitosan for stimulation growth of electrically sensitive cells.

An electroactive triblock copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and aniline pentamer (AP), PEG-block-AP-block-PEG (PAP), was synthesized via polycondensation in the presence of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) The UV-vis spectra and cyclic-voltammograms (CV) spectra exhibited an excellent electroactivity of the triblock copolymer The amphiphilic triblock copolymer self-assembles spontaneously into uniform micellar aggregates when the triblock copolymer was added directly to the aqueous solution The size of the aggregates can be changed with the oxidation state of the AP segment in the PAP copolymer and the aggregates were pH-sensitive to the surrounding water solution, which provides a potential application in controlled drug release

Synthesis of a Novel Electroactive ABA Triblock Copolymer and its Spontaneous Self-Assembly in Water

A novel water-soluble electroactive polymer, aniline pentamer crosslinked chitosan (Pentamer-c-Chi), was prepared by condensation polymerization of the terminal carboxyl groups in aniline pentamer with the amino side groups in chitosan in aqueous solution. The carboxyl groups were activated by N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). The electrochemical behavior of anilinepentamer in this kind of crosslinked polymer was studied in acidic aqueous solution by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV–vis, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. There were three reversible redox peaks in the CV of Pentamer-c-Chi. A new emeraldine oxidization state in the form of radical cations was proposed, which was associated with the new absorption band at 370 nm in the UV–vis spectra. The ESR of the aqueous solution of Pentamer-c-Chi showed a single Lorentzian shaped signal, which suggested the existence of radical cations. The new redox state was pH dependent and appeared only at pH < 3. The stability of radical cations could be attributed to the hydrogen bonds between radical cations, water, and chitosan. Morphological structure of the Pentamer-c-Chi can be adjusted by varying the content of aniline pentamer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1124–1135, 2008

Lihong Huang

Papers

Synthesis of biodegradable and electroactive multiblock polylactide and aniline pentamer copolymer for tissue engineering applications.

Synthesis and characterization of electroactive and biodegradable ABA block copolymer of polylactide and aniline pentamer.

Electroactive aniline pentamer cross-linking chitosan for stimulation growth of electrically sensitive cells.

Synthesis of a Novel Electroactive ABA Triblock Copolymer and its Spontaneous Self-Assembly in Water

A new oxidation state of aniline pentamer observed in water-soluble electroactive oligoaniline-chitosan polymer