Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10–15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of ‘Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’ in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the “Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi” published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of Lalaria, which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations. Catenomycopsis Tibell & Constant. is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain., while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not. (Art. 59).

Notes for genera: Ascomycota

The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi. Of these macrofungi, many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years. In this study, we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi. A total of 1662 taxa are summarized, and all species names and their authorities have been checked and corrected according to authentic mycological databases. Among the 1662 taxa, 1020, 692, and 480 are considered to be edible, medicinal and poisonous mushrooms, respectively. A few of edible macrofungi in China are commonly used for commercial production. All known medicinal functions are labeled for medicinal species. The most common medicinal functions possessed by Chinese macrofungi are antitumor or anticancer, followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial. A total of 277 Chinese macrofungi are edible simultaneously with certain medicinal functions and without known toxicity. These species could be treated as “Gold Mushrooms”. Contrarily, 193 edible and/or medicinal species are also recognized as poisonous mushrooms. To avoid poisoning caused by these species, ingestion either in a proper way or in small amounts is important. However, the mycotoxins metabolized by these poisonous species could be a huge wealth of natural products yet to be explored. How to utilize these Chinese macrofungal resources is a critical to benefit humans worldwide.

Resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi: edible, medicinal and poisonous species.

Fungi of China

Revisiting Metarhizium and the description of new species from Thailand.

Pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) are a speciose group of complicated taxonomy, with many species requiring clarification on their species boundaries, and more still awaiting discovery. Two new species of Scelimena Serville, 1838 are described: (1) from S. discalis species group S. gombakensis sp. nov. and (2) from S. hexodon species group Scelimena marta sp. nov. Catalogue of Scelimenini genera (15) and species (100) is presented and taxonomy and biogeography of the tribe are discussed. New and resurrected combinations are: Falconius becvari (Buzzetti & Devriese, 2008) comb. nov. (of Gavialidium becvari ), Gavialidium carli Hebard, 1930 comb. resurr. (of Bidentatettix carli ), Indoscelimena india (Hancock, 1907) comb. nov. (of Scelimena india ), Paragavialidium nodiferum (Walker, 1871) comb. nov. (of Platygavialidium nodiferum ), Platygavialidium productum (Walker, 1871) comb. nov. (of Gavialidium productum ), Scelimena hexodon (Haan, 1843) comb. resurr. (of Hexocera hexodon ), Scelimena rosacea (Hancock, 1915) comb. resurr. (of Amphibotettix rosaceus ), Tegotettix bufocrocodil (Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2015) comb. nov. (of Gavialidium bufocrocodil ). New synonyms are: Gavialidium phangensum Mahmood, Idris & Salmah, 2007 syn. nov. (of Eufalconius pendleburyi ), Gavialidium philippinum Bolivar, 1887 syn. nov. (of Platygavialidium productum comb. nov.), Hexocera Hancock, 1915 syn. nov. (of Scelimena ), Paracriotettix Liang, 2002 syn. nov. (of Scelimena ), Paracriotettix zhengi Liang, 2002 syn. nov. (of Scelimena melli ), Scelimena mellioides Deng, 2016 syn. nov. (of Scelimena melli ), Scelimena wuyishanensis Deng, 2016 syn. nov. (of Platygavialidium sinicum ). The genus Scelimena is divided into six species groups. Eucriotettix neesoon Tan & Storozhenko nom. nov. is new name for homonym Eucriotettix guentheri Tan & Storozhenko, 2017. Finally, a tabular key to 15 Scelimenini genera, based on 16 morphological characters, is presented.

An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the tribe Scelimenini Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Scelimena species from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.

A new entomogenous taxon, Metacordyceps shibinensis sp. nov., associated with a larva of Lepidoptera was found in Yuntai Mountains, Guizhou Province, China. It differs from similar species in its white to faint yellow stromata, short ascomata, and very short asci and ascospores. Combined sequence analyses of 5.8S-ITS rDNA, nrSSU, EF-1α and RPB1 gene-loci also confirmed the distinctiveness of this new species.

/pdf/metacordyceps-shibinensis-sp-nov-from-larvae-of-lepidoptera-2kpva47642.pdf

Metacordyceps shibinensis sp. nov. from larvae of Lepidoptera in Guizhou Province, southwest China

Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of an entomogenous fungus associated with larvae of Lepidoptera in Guizhou and Anhui, China showed it to be a new species, Metacordyceps neogunnii. It differs from similar species in having longer asci and wider ascospores. Multigene analysis of ITS, 18S, TEF 1 and RPB 1 sequence data also confirmed the distinctiveness of this species. This species has been wrongly regarded in China as ‘ Cordyceps gunnii ’ for more than 30 years. Cordyceps gunnii from Tasmania is considered to be in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae based on its multigene phylogeny and morphological analysis.

/pdf/multigene-phylogeny-and-morphology-reveal-that-the-chinese-xlx0w41350.pdf

Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal that the Chinese medicinal mushroom ‘ Cordyceps gunnii ’ is Metacordyceps neogunnii sp. nov.

A species of Cordyceps sensu lato associated with an adult of Tettigonia was collected in Chishui Danxia natural world heritage site, Guizhou Province, China. Following morpho-phylogenetic studies it was found to be a new species and is described as Ophiocordyceps tettigonia sp. nov. It differs from similar Ophiocordyceps species in having a unique host insect, and wide secondary ascospores. Combined sequence data from the ITS, SSU, TEF, and RPB1 gene loci also confirmed the distinctiveness of this new species.

/pdf/multigene-phylogeny-and-morphology-reveal-a-new-species-j3hmd21e8b.pdf

Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species, Ophiocordyceps tettigonia , from Guizhou Province, China

Descriptions of the flying organs and generic characteristics of the genus Macromotettixoides Zheng, Wei & Jiang are currently imprecise. Macromotettixoides is reviewed and compared with allied genera. A re-description is undertaken and a determination key is provided to Macromotettixoides. Macromotettixoides parvula Zha & Wen, sp. n. from the Guizhou Karst Region, China, is described and illustrated with photographs. Observations on the ecology and habits of the new species are recorded. Four current species of Hyboella Hancock are transferred to Macromotettixoides. Variations of the flying organs and tegminal sinus in the Tetrigidae are discussed, which will help to describe them accurately.

https://zookeys.pensoft.net/lib/ajax_srv/article_elements_srv.php?action=download_pdf&item_id=9055

Taxonomy of Macromotettixoides with the description of a new species (Tetrigidae, Metrodorinae).

The common Cordyceps (more than 20 species) found in Chinese markets are evaluated and illustrated. We systematically introduce their taxonomies, allied species, hosts, distributions, yields, selling statuses, and market prices. We summarize and comment on the medicinal value and food safety of Cordyceps. The concept of "cordyceps" is explained, the "best" cordyceps is explored, and Chinese cordyceps culture is analyzed. We suggest using the word "cordyceps" instead of the Latin Cordyceps to report these important edible and medicinal mushrooms.

Ling-Sheng Zha

Papers

Metacordyceps shibinensis sp. nov. from larvae of Lepidoptera in Guizhou Province, southwest China

Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal that the Chinese medicinal mushroom ‘ Cordyceps gunnii ’ is Metacordyceps neogunnii sp. nov.

Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species, Ophiocordyceps tettigonia , from Guizhou Province, China

Taxonomy of Macromotettixoides with the description of a new species (Tetrigidae, Metrodorinae).

An Evaluation of Common Cordyceps (Ascomycetes) Species Found in Chinese Markets.