Background—Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a plant lignan isolated from flaxseed. Lignans are platelet-activating factor–receptor antagonists that would inhibit the production of oxygen radicals by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. SDG is an antioxidant. Antioxidants studied thus far are known to reduce hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of SDG on various blood lipid and aortic tissue oxidative stress parameters and on the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. Methods and Results—Rabbits were assigned to 4 groups: group 1, control; group 2, SDG control (15 mg · kg body wt−1 · d−1 PO); group 3, 1% cholesterol diet; and group 4, same as group 3 but with added SDG (15 mg · kg body wt−1 · d−1 PO). Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and after 4 and 8 weeks of experimental diets for measurement of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and LDL, HDL, and VLDL cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C). T...

Reduction of Serum Cholesterol and Hypercholesterolemic Atherosclerosis in Rabbits by Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Isolated From Flaxseed

Purpose To compare the submacular to the perimacular choroidal structure in images obtained by wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Thirty eyes of 30 healthy volunteers (15 men) were studied. Twelve wide-field radial circumferential scans were recorded with enhanced depth imaging OCT from the macular and perimacular zones. The sizes of the luminal and stromal areas of the choroid were determined. The two zones were subdivided into the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal sectors. The total choroidal area, the luminal and stromal areas, and the luminal ratio of each sector were compared. Results All of the choroidal structural parameters analyzed in the present study were largest in the superior sector followed by the temporal, inferior, and nasal sectors. The coefficients of variation were larger in the perimacular zone than in the macular zone: The luminal ratio in the macular zone varied by 1.2%, and that in perimacular zone varied by 4.2%. Conclusions The variations in the ratios of the luminal areas of the choroid in the wide-field OCT images are slight in the macular zone but considerable in the perimacular zone.

Regional Differences of Choroidal Structure Determined by Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography.

The object of this study was aimed at identifying factors associated with the risk of eating disorders in undergraduate students in the area of Health Sciences. It is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study carried out in Montes Clams, MG (Brazil), from August to October 2012. The profile of the university students was identified and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) applied. 200, students aged 23.4 +/- 6.13 years participated in the study, 76.5% of them females. A frequency of 4.0% of the students were at high risk of developing eating disorders, 21.0% at low risk and 75.0% had no risk factors. Various inadequate self-perceptions of the body, dietary practice, missed breakfasts and snacking during intervals were associated with factors for eating disorder risk (p < 0.05). For students with inadequate nutritional status, 34.4% were at risk of an eating disorder (p=0,004). The high risk of developing eating disorders among students in a nutritionally deficient condition indicates that they should receive preventive dietary advice.

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Factors associated with the risk of eating disorders among academics in the area of health

O objetivo deste estudo foi identifi car fatores associados ao risco de transtornos alimentares entre academicos da area de saude. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo, realizado em Montes Claros, MG, Brasil, no periodo de agosto a outubro de 2012. Foi identifi cado o perfi l dos universitarios e aplicado o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26). Participaram 200 universitarios com idade de 23,4 ± 6,13 anos, sendo 76,5% do sexo feminino. Observou-se que 4,0% apresentaram alto risco de desenvolverem transtornos alimentares, 21,0% baixo risco e 75,0% nao apresentaram risco. As variaveis “percepcao do corpo inadequada”, “pratica de dieta”, “ausencia do cafe da manha” e “lanches nos intervalos” foram associadas com fatores de risco de transtorno alimentar (p<0,05). A prevalencia de fatores de risco para transtorno alimentar foi de 34,4% nos universitarios que apresentaram o estado nutricional inadequado (p=0,004). O alto risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares entre estudantes em condicao nutricional deficiente indica que os mesmos deveriam receber aconselhamento nutricional preventivo. Descritores: Transtornos da alimentacao. Comportamento alimentar. Estudantes de ciencias da saude.

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Fatores associados ao risco de transtornos alimentares entre acadêmicos da área de saúde

Bulimia in College Women

Objetivo: Rastrear a frequencia de comportamentos sugestivos de transtornos alimentares em amostra de alunos de cursos pre-selecionados por sorteio da Universidade Positivo e com isso comparar a prevalencia desses disturbios alimentares entre os cursos selecionados e entre homens e mulheres, e confrontar com dados da literatura mundial. Metodos: Este e um estudo transversal no qual foram aplicadas as auto-escalas Bite (Teste de investigacao Bulimica de Edimburgh) e EAT-26 (Teste de Atitudes Alimentares) em 463 universitarios dos cursos da area de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude da Universidade Positivo, pre-selecionados atraves de sorteio. Resultados: De acordo com a auto-escala EAT-26, 23 alunos (5%) apresentaram possiveis transtornos de alimentacao, com predominância significativa do sexo feminino. E, segundo a auto-escala BITE, 17 estudantes (4%) apresentaram um escore compativel com bulimia nervosa. Encontramos ainda, atraves da escala BITE-gravidade, 6 alunos (1%) com alto grau de gravidade e 33 alunos (7,3%) com escore sugestivo de estado clinico comprometido. Conclusoes: Este estudo mostra uma frequencia de transtornos alimentares na populacao estudada, assim como comportamentos alimentares inadequados, principalmente no sexo feminino, semelhante a encontrada na literatura. Concluimos que esses achados sao relevantes para a clinica da faixa etaria em estudo e que podem proporcionar o desenvolvimento de medidas assistenciais para portadores de transtornos alimentares, bem como futuros trabalhos em que poderemos compreender melhor os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de disturbios da alimentacao.

https://www.revistas.usp.br/revistadc/article/download/46283/49938

Rastreamento da frequência de comportamentos sugestivos de transtornos alimentares na Universidade Positivo

Rastreamento da frequência de comportamentos sugestivos de transtornos alimentares na Universidade Positivo Screening of the frequency of behaviors suggestive of eating disorders at Positivo University

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of flaxseed on choroid-sclera complex thickness and on LDL oxidation in the sclera, choroid and retina of diet-induced hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. New Zealand male albino rabbits (n 21) were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1; n 11), fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet, and group 2 (G2; n 10), fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet enriched with flaxseed flour. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol, TAG and fasting blood glucose were determined at the start of the experiment and on the day of killing (8th week). Choroid and sclera samples were subjected to haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses with the anti-oxidised LDL antibody. Sensory retina samples were subjected to an immunohistochemical analysis with the primary monoclonal nitrotyrosine antibody. At the end of the experiment, a significant increase was observed in TC and LDL-C concentrations in G1 rabbits when compared with G2 rabbits (P= 0·008 and P= 0·02, respectively). HE staining revealed a significant increase in choroid-sclera complex thickness in G1 rabbits when compared with G2 rabbits (P< 0·001). Immunohistochemical analysis of choroid and sclera samples with the anti-oxidised LDL marker revealed a significant increase in immunoreactivity in G1 rabbits when compared with G2 rabbits (P< 0·001). Immunohistochemical analysis of sensory retina samples with the anti-nitrotyrosine marker revealed a significant increase in immunoreactivity in G1 rabbits when compared with G2 rabbits (P= 0·002). Flaxseed reduced the choroid-sclera complex thickness of diet-induced hypercholesterolaemic rabbits and the expression of oxidised LDL in the choroid-sclera complex as well as the expression of nitrotyrosine in the sensory retina.

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Effect of flaxseed on choroid–sclera complex thickness and on LDL oxidation in the sclera, choroid and retina of diet-induced hypercholesterolaemic rabbits

Lucas Torres

Papers

Rastreamento da frequência de comportamentos sugestivos de transtornos alimentares na Universidade Positivo

Rastreamento da frequência de comportamentos sugestivos de transtornos alimentares na Universidade Positivo Screening of the frequency of behaviors suggestive of eating disorders at Positivo University

Effect of flaxseed on choroid–sclera complex thickness and on LDL oxidation in the sclera, choroid and retina of diet-induced hypercholesterolaemic rabbits