Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

An essential textbook for any student or researcher in biology needing to design experiments, sample programs or analyse the resulting data The text begins with a revision of estimation and hypothesis testing methods, covering both classical and Bayesian philosophies, before advancing to the analysis of linear and generalized linear models Topics covered include linear and logistic regression, simple and complex ANOVA models (for factorial, nested, block, split-plot and repeated measures and covariance designs), and log-linear models Multivariate techniques, including classification and ordination, are then introduced Special emphasis is placed on checking assumptions, exploratory data analysis and presentation of results The main analyses are illustrated with many examples from published papers and there is an extensive reference list to both the statistical and biological literature The book is supported by a website that provides all data sets, questions for each chapter and links to software

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Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists

Statistics for Spatial Data.

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They are used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights and to predict distributions across landscapes, sometimes requiring extrapolation in space and time. SDMs are now widely used across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine realms. Differences in methods between disciplines reflect both differences in species mobility and in “established use.” Model realism and robustness is influenced by selection of relevant predictors and modeling method, consideration of scale, how the interplay between environmental and geographic factors is handled, and the extent of extrapolation. Current linkages between SDM practice and ecological theory are often weak, hindering progress. Remaining challenges include: improvement of methods for modeling presence-only data and for model selection and evaluation; accounting for biotic interactions; and assessing model uncertainty.

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Species Distribution Models: Ecological Explanation and Prediction Across Space and Time

Temporal beta diversity increases with environmental variability in zooplankton floodplain communities

Invertebrate beta diversity in permanent and temporary lentic water bodies: a meta-analytic assessment

Abundance-occupancy relationships of Trichoptera larvae (Insecta) in Cerrado streams surrounding the Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas (Caldas Novas, state of Goias, Brazil). Abundance-occupancy relationships of Trichoptera larvae, estimated in two seasons, were compared to evaluate the following hypothesis: hydrologic instability during the rain season is the main mechanism which reduces the magnitude of these relationships in streams located in the Cerrado region, Centre-West of Brazil. The larvae density was determined from 18 sampling stations in a region surrounding the Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas, Caldas Novas, Estado de Goias , by Surber sampler. The distribution of each taxon was given by the number of occurrences in the region. During the dry season (July), a significant correlation between abundance-occupancy was detected ( r =0.606; n = 20; P < 0.005). On the other hand, such relationships were not significant during rainy periods. These results support the hypothesis that, during the periods of hydrological stability, abundance and distribution patterns of Trichoptera were controlled by the interaction of organisms tolerance and environment gradients. Besides, the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic, acting on benthonic insects may be temporally dependent.

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*Author for correspondence. ABSTRACT. The relationship between local and regional diversity in Falconiformes assemblages from South America was estimated. However, species richness was spatially patterned across the continent and this result can bias significance levels of regression analyses. To overcome this problem, we determined the minimum distance between localities that ensures stochastic independence of diversity estimates across space, using geostatistical analyses. Based on the range obtained b y a variogram, we analyzed the relationship between local and regional diversity using three regions separated by more than 4800 km. To increase robustness of results, we used 30 different combinations of three regions. Most linear regression slopes between local and regional diversity are significant, but none of the quadratic terms added to test local saturation was significant. This indicates that local assemblages of Falconiformes are unsaturated. Overall, this result indicates the importance of regional and historical processes in the determination of species richness at local scales.

Luis Mauricio Bini

Papers

Temporal beta diversity increases with environmental variability in zooplankton floodplain communities

Invertebrate beta diversity in permanent and temporary lentic water bodies: a meta-analytic assessment

Estado de G G oiás)

Local and regional species diversity in South American Falconiformes: a geostatistical approach

The importance of blue and green landscape connectivity for biodiversity in urban ponds