Desalination brine disposal methods and treatment technologies - A review.

Review of methane catalytic cracking for hydrogen production

Brine management methods: Recent innovations and current status

This paper presents one of the first applications of deep learning (DL) techniques to predict air pollution time series. Air quality management relies extensively on time series data captured at ai...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10962247.2018.1459956

Forecasting air quality time series using deep learning.

Seawater contains large quantities of valuable minerals, some of which are very scarce and expensive in their land-based form. However, only a few minerals, the ones in high concentrations, are currently mined from the sea. Due to recent problems associated with land-based mining industries as a result of depletion of high-grade ores, sustainable water and energy demand and environmental issues, seawater mining is becoming an attractive option. This paper presents a comprehensive and critical review of the current methods of extracting valuable minerals from seawater and seawater brines generated in desalination plants, and suggests ways to overcome some of the limitations and challenges associated with the extraction process. The extraction methods discussed are solar evaporation, electrodialysis (ED), membrane distillation crystallisation (MDC), and adsorption/desorption.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2017/ew/c6ew00268d

Mining valuable minerals from seawater: a critical review

Water shortages in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region countries mandate the installation of large-scale desalination plants. Concentrate management requires properly operated cost-effective technologies to reduce the environmental impacts arising from brine discharge. Significant improvement in economics may be obtained by the recovery of chemicals from brines. This study addresses the management of modular brine streams generated from large-scale reverse osmosis desalination plants with microfiltration and nanofiltration (NF) as pretreatment stages. Appropriate salt recovery schemes have been identified and analyzed from the performance and environmental points of view. The economics of salt recovery schemes from NF and reverse osmosis (RO) brine based on evaporation ponds, brine evaporator and membrane crystallizer (MCr) are analyzed and compared. Phased application of the salt recovery program is considered. The results indicate that using NF as pretreatment and adopting salt recove...

Salt recovery from brine generated by large-scale seawater desalination plants

Mathematical modeling of catalytic fluidized-bed reactors—I. The multistage three-phase model

Purpose – The objective of this study is to develop and validate a neural‐based modelling methodology applicable to site‐specific short‐ and medium‐term ozone concentration forecasting. A novel modelling technique utilizing two feed forward artificial neural networks (FFNN) is developed to improve the performance of time series predictions.Design/methodology/approach – Air pollution and meteorological data were collected for one year in two locations in Kuwait. The hourly averages of the data were processed to generate a covariance matrix and analyzed to generate the principal component method. A two‐FFNN model is then used to predict the actual data.Findings – The newly developed model improves the prediction accuracy over the conventional method. Owing to the presence of noise and other minor disturbances in the data, shorter‐range modelling gives better modelling results.Originality/value – A novel modelling technique is developed to predict the time series of zone concentration.

Forecasting of ozone pollution using artificial neural networks

This article assesses the air pollution data from two monitoring stations in Kuwait. The measurements cover major pollutants, i.e., CO, CO2, methanated and non-methanated hydrocarbons, NO x , SO2, O3, and particulate matter (PM10). The data also includes meteorological parameters, i.e., solar intensity, temperature, wind speed, and wind direction, and has been collected over a period 4 years, from 2001 to 2004. Data analysis includes the assessment of annual hourly averages and 1-h maxima. Typical pollutant concentration trends, similar to those previously reported for Kuwait and for other locations around the world, are observed except for particulate matter measurements, which have higher values because of proximity to the desert. Emissions of nitrogen oxides show a consistent increase over the years. This is caused by the increase in the number of motor vehicles and the expansion in power generation and industrial activities. The data collected is a subset of the air quality criteria, as defined by the...

M.A. El-Rifai

Papers

Salt recovery from brine generated by large-scale seawater desalination plants

Mathematical modeling of catalytic fluidized-bed reactors—I. The multistage three-phase model

Forecasting of ozone pollution using artificial neural networks

An assessment of the air pollution data from two monitoring stations in Kuwait

Dynamic analysis of enzyme reactors exhibiting substrate inhibition multiplicity