Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 

About: Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry is an academic journal published by Taylor & Francis. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Adsorption & Cadmium. It has an ISSN identifier of 0092-9867. Over the lifetime, 3690 publications have been published receiving 36962 citations.

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous titanium dioxide dispersions

Abstract: The results of a study of photocatalytic degradation of phenol using aqueous oxygenated TiO2 (anatase) suspensions in a batch Pyrex photoreactor are reported The influence on the photodegradation rate of various parameters as pH, phenol and TiO2 content, oxygen partial pressure, anions present in the dispersions was investigated A complete oxidation of phenol was observed Intermediate compounds, catechol and quinone, were detected It was observed that the photodegradation also proceeded with sunlight radiation A mechanistic and kinetic model, which accounts for the results obtained, is given Likely reasons for inactivity of the rutile modification for this reaction are also given

Bioaccumulation of super‐lipophilic chemicals in fish

Abstract: The influence of increasing molecular size and hydrophobicity on bioaccumulation kinetics in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) was investigated for a series of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in comparison with other halogenated aromatic compounds Extremely low clearance rates were characteristic of the higher chlorinated biphenyls and resulted in a linear accumulation in fish For these compounds, in contrast to more soluble chemicals, direct uptake from water appeared to be less efficient than uptake from contaminated food Hexabromobenzene, octachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin and tetradecachloroterphenyl were not accumulated by living fish The importance of food‐chain accumulation (biomagnification) versus direct bio‐concentration is discussed in relation to molecular structure and physico‐chemical properties of organic chemicals

Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth and antioxidant system of chickpea seedlings

Abstract: Ten days old seedlings of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L var. HC-1) were foliar sprayed with 1.5 or 10 ppm aqueous solution of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and effects were compared with corresponding concentration of zinc sulphate and ZnO of normal size. Maximum promontory response with respect to shoot dry weight was observed in seedlings treated with 1.5 ppm ZnO nanoparticles while at 10 ppm the nanoparticles exerted adverse effects on root growth. However, overall biomass accumulation improved in the ZnO nanoparticle treated seedlings. This response may be attributed to low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which resulted in less lipid peroxidation as evident from lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content. This was associated with lower activity of prominent antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase ZnO nanoparticle treated seedling compared to control. The study indicates importance in precise application of zinc, more so in deficient system, where plant response varies with concent...

Metal organic frameworks as adsorbents for dye adsorption: overview, prospects and future challenges

Abstract: Considering the amount of colored waste water generated from many industries (textile, leather, paper, printing, dyestuff, and plastic) that are sent to various water bodies and the ecosystem, the search for efficient and better methods of purification still continues. With the recent research into metal organic frameworks (MOFs), there is a steady growing interest worldwide for their various applications. This article presents a review of MOFs, their application in dye adsorption and their various challenges and future prospects. It was concluded that with the current interest, research and development for various applications, there are possibilities which will bring to limelight more laboratory, industrial and environmental usage of MOFs as dye adsorbents.

Pharmaceuticals as priority water contaminants

Abstract: Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites can reach water bodies through sewage systems, industrial discharges, effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs), aquaculture, and livestock farming. Pharmaceuticals include a hundred substances which are very different as regards chemical–physical properties and environmental behavior, although they may have strong biochemical activities. At present, pharmaceuticals can reach water concentrations of ng L−1 to µg L−1 and some are considered ubiquitous. Nevertheless, their presence in the aquatic environment and impact on aquatic biota and on human health have not yet been studied adequately. Experimental evidence indicates that pharmaceuticals may cause harmful effects, such as morphological, metabolic and sex alterations on aquatic species, induction of antibiotic resistance in aquatic pathogenic microorganisms, and disruption of biodegradation activities in STPs. Risk assessment studies and evaluations are in progress. Yet, the available scientific data are consi...