M. A. Valero

TL;DR: Fasciolopsiasis has become a re-emerging infection in recent years and gastrodiscoidiasis, initially supposed to be restricted to Asian countries, is now being reported in African countries.

TL;DR: In this paper, the origins and geographical spread of F. gigantica and F. hepatica were investigated by means of complete sequences of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS)−2 and ITS−1 and mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 from areas with only one fasciolid species.

TL;DR: The present review shows that trematodes, similarly as other helminths presenting larval stages living freely in the environment and/or larval Stage parasitic in invertebrates easily affected by climate change as arthropods and molluscs as intermediate hosts, may be largely more susceptible to climate change impact than those helminthiases in whose life cycle such phases are absent or reduced to a minimum.

TL;DR: Simple, traditional microscopic measurements may be sufficient for the morphometric characterisation of fasciolids, even in areas where intermediate forms are present, as shown in the specimens from Gilan.

TL;DR: The comparison with previous results suggests that in the Nile Delta, fascioliasis is spreading from an original situation of sporadic human cases in well-known endemic foci for animal disease to an endemic distribution in humans, which may be characterized as a mesoendemic region that includes several hyperendemic areas for human disease.