M. Akbar Rhamdhani

TL;DR: A systematic review of previous studies on the high-temperature (pyrometallurgical) recovery of rare earths from magnets is presented in this article, where the features and conditions at which the recycling processes had been studied are mapped and evaluated technically.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated and quantified the economic performance of recycling and recovering of valuable metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) through a base metal secondary pyrometallurgical operation, namely the black copper smelting.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used metal halide lamps and not follow the conventionally practise of using xenon lamps to simulate the spectrum of the sun and achieved a peak thermal flux of approaching 1mW/m2 to the secondary focal plane of a closely coupled ellipsoidal reflector.

TL;DR: In this article, a scaled-down 1:12 model was set up to simulate the flow behavior for understanding the mixing phenomena in the bottom blown oxygen copper smelting furnace, and an empirical relationship of mixing time as functions of gas flow rate and bath height has been established first time for the horizontal bottom blowing furnace.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided an environmental impact assessment of the black copper smelting route for the processing and recovery of copper and other valuable metals such as gold and silver from waste printed circuit boards (PCB).