Showing papers by "M. Coleman Miller published in 2022"
04 Nov 2022
TL;DR: The US nuclear community has an opportunity to capitalize on advances in astrophysical observations and nuclear experiments and engage in an interdisciplinary effort in the theory of dense baryonic matter that connects low and high-energy nuclear physics, astrophysics, gravitational waves physics, and data science as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Since the release of the 2015 Long Range Plan in Nuclear Physics, major events have occurred that reshaped our understanding of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and nuclear matter at large densities, in and out of equilibrium. The US nuclear community has an opportunity to capitalize on advances in astrophysical observations and nuclear experiments and engage in an interdisciplinary effort in the theory of dense baryonic matter that connects low- and high-energy nuclear physics, astrophysics, gravitational waves physics, and data science
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reported the optical detection of AT2022cmc, a rapidly fading source at cosmological distance (redshift z = 1.19325) the unique light curve of which transitioned into a luminous plateau within days.
Abstract: Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are bursts of electromagnetic energy that are released when supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies violently disrupt a star that passes too close1. TDEs provide a window through which to study accretion onto supermassive black holes; in some rare cases, this accretion leads to launching of a relativistic jet2–9, but the necessary conditions are not fully understood. The best-studied jetted TDE so far is Swift J1644+57, which was discovered in γ-rays, but was too obscured by dust to be seen at optical wavelengths. Here we report the optical detection of AT2022cmc, a rapidly fading source at cosmological distance (redshift z = 1.19325) the unique light curve of which transitioned into a luminous plateau within days. Observations of a bright counterpart at other wavelengths, including X-ray, submillimetre and radio, supports the interpretation of AT2022cmc as a jetted TDE containing a synchrotron ‘afterglow’, probably launched by a supermassive black hole with spin greater than approximately 0.3. Using four years of Zwicky Transient Facility10 survey data, we calculate a rate of $$0.0{2}_{-0.01}^{+0.04}$$ Gpc−3 yr−1 for on-axis jetted TDEs on the basis of the luminous, fast-fading red component, thus providing a measurement complementary to the rates derived from X-ray and radio observations11. Correcting for the beaming angle effects, this rate confirms that approximately 1 per cent of TDEs have relativistic jets. Optical surveys can use AT2022cmc as a prototype to unveil a population of jetted TDEs. A series of early-time, multiwavelength observations of an optical transient, AT2022cmc, indicate that it is a relativistic jet from a tidal disruption event originating from a supermassive black hole.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss what we have learned about the physics of neutron stars from gravitational wave and X-ray observations, focusing on what has been observed with certainty and what should be observable in the near future.
Abstract: Neutron stars are a remarkable marriage of Einstein's theory of general relativity with nuclear physics. Their interiors harbor extreme matter that cannot be probed in the laboratory. At such high densities and pressures, their cores may consist predominantly of exotic matter such as free quarks or hyperons. Gravitational wave observations from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and from other interferometers, and X-ray observations from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), are beginning to pierce through the veil. These observations provide information about neutron star cores, and therefore, about the physics that makes such objects possible. In this review, we discuss what we have learned about the physics of neutron stars from gravitational wave and X-ray observations. We focus on what has been observed with certainty and what should be observable in the near future, with an eye out for the physics that these new observations will teach us.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors performed a similar Bayesian estimation for the pulse profile model parameters, except that instead of fitting simultaneously the XMM-Newton data, they used the best available NICER background estimates to constrain the number of photons detected from the source.
Abstract: We report a revised analysis for the radius, mass, and hot surface regions of the massive millisecond pulsar PSR J0740+6620, studied previously with joint fits to NICER and XMM-Newton data by Riley et al. (2021) and Miller et al. (2021). We perform a similar Bayesian estimation for the pulse-profile model parameters, except that instead of fitting simultaneously the XMM-Newton data, we use the best available NICER background estimates to constrain the number of photons detected from the source. This approach eliminates any potential issues in the cross-calibration between these two instruments, providing thus an independent check of the robustness of the analysis. The obtained neutron star parameter constraints are compatible with the already published results, with a slight dependence on how conservative the imposed background limits are. A tighter lower limit causes the inferred radius to increase, and a tighter upper limit causes it to decrease. We also extend the study of the inferred emission geometry to examine the degree of deviation from antipodality of the hot regions. We show that there is a significant offset to an antipodal spot configuration, mainly due to the non-half-cycle azimuthal separation of the two emitting spots. The offset angle from the antipode is inferred to be above 25° with 84% probability. This seems to exclude a centered-dipolar magnetic field in PSR J0740+6620.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide an introduction to this research topic by presenting a summary of key findings, physical processes and ideas pertaining to EM counterparts to MBH mergers as they are known at the time of this writing.
Abstract: Abstract The next two decades are expected to open the door to the first coincident detections of electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational-wave (GW) signatures associated with massive black-hole (MBH) binaries heading for coalescence. These detections will launch a new era of multimessenger astrophysics by expanding this growing field to the low-frequency GW regime and will provide an unprecedented understanding of the evolution of MBHs and galaxies. They will also constitute fundamentally new probes of cosmology and would enable unique tests of gravity. The aim of this Living Review is to provide an introduction to this research topic by presenting a summary of key findings, physical processes and ideas pertaining to EM counterparts to MBH mergers as they are known at the time of this writing. We review current observational evidence for close MBH binaries, discuss relevant physical processes and timescales, and summarize the possible EM counterparts to GWs in the precursor, coalescence, and afterglow stages of a MBH merger. We also describe open questions and discuss future prospects in this dynamic and quick-paced research area.
9 citations
15 Sep 2022
TL;DR: Slavko Bogdanov, Emmanuel Fonseca, Rahul Kashyap, Aleksi Kurkela, James M. Lattimer, Jocelyn S. Read, Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash, H. G. Watts as discussed by the authors
Abstract: Slavko Bogdanov, Emmanuel Fonseca, Rahul Kashyap, Aleksi Kurkela, James M. Lattimer, Jocelyn S. Read, Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash, H. Thankful Cromartie, Tim Dietrich, Arnab Dhani, Timothy Dolch, Tyler Gorda, Sebastien Guillot, Wynn C. G. Ho, Rachael Huxford, Frederick K. Lamb, Philippe Landry, Bradley W. Meyers, M. Coleman Miller, Joonas Nättilä, Risto Paatelainen, Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, Saga Säppi, Ingrid H. Stairs, Nikolaos Stergioulas, Ingo Tews, Aleksi Vuorinen, Zorawar Wadiasingh, Anna L. Watts