https://www.whoi.edu/cms/files/Fleitmann07_45483.pdf

Holocene ITCZ and Indian monsoon dynamics recorded in stalagmites from Oman and Yemen (Socotra)

Phylogenetic Variation in the Silicon Composition of Plants

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/83E5F94594E19BD9772E067050DBFD78/S0033589400004567a.pdf/div-class-title-holocene-climate-and-cultural-evolution-in-late-prehistoric-early-historic-west-asia-div.pdf

Holocene climate and cultural evolution in late prehistoric-early historic West Asia

Nutrient Uptake by Plants Under Stress Conditions

Acknowledgements. Introduction. A: Environment. 1. Global impact of salinity and agricultural ecosystems M.G. Pitman, A. Lauchli. 2. Salinity in the soil environment K.K. Tanji. 3. Salinity, halophytes and salt affected natural ecosystems S.-W. Breckle. B: Organisms. 4. Adaptation of halophilic Archaea to life at high salt concentrations A. Oren. 5. Adaptation of the haloterant alga Dunaliella to high salinity U. Pick. 6. Mangroves U. Luttge. C: Mechanisms. 7. Ultrastructural effects of salinity in higher plants H.-W. Koyro. 8. Intra- and inter-cellular compartmentation of ions - a study in specificity and plasticity G. Wyn Jones, J. Gorham. 9. Salinity, osmolytes and compatible solutes D. Rhodes, et al. 10. Sodium-calcium interactions under salinity stress G.R. Cramer. 11. Salinity and nitrogen nutrition W.R. Ullrich. 12. Pressure probe measurements of the driving forces for water transport in intact higher plants: effects of transpiration and salinity U. Zimmermann, et al. 13. Salinity, growth and phytohormones R. Munns. 14. The adaptive potential of plant development: evidence from the response to salinity G.N. Amzallag. D: Photosynthesis. 15. Influence of salinity on photosynthesis of halophytes C.E. Lovelock, M.C. Ball. 16. Performance of plants with C4-carboxylation modes of photosynthesis under salinity U. Luttge. 17. Induction of Crassulacean acid metabolism by salinity -- molecular aspects H.J. Bohnert.E: Molecules. 18. Function of membrane transport systems under salinity: plasma membrane L. Reinhold, M. Guy. 19. Function of membrane transport systems under salinity: tonoplast M. Binzel, R. Ratajczak. 20. Genetics of salinity responses and plant breeding J. Gorham, G.Wyn Jones. 21. Halotolerance genes in yeast R. Serrano. 22. The long and winding road to haloterance genes A. Maggio, et al. Index.

Salinity : environment - plants - molecules

The Holocene vegetation history of the Arabian Peninsula is poorly understood, with few palaeobotanical studies to date. At Awafi, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE, a 3.3 m lake sediment sequence records the vegetation development for the period 8500 cal. yr BP to � 3000 cal. yr BP. 13 C isotope, pollen and phytolith analyses indicate that C3 Pooid grassland with a strong woody element existed during the early Holocene (between 8500 and 6000 cal. yr BP) and became replaced by mixed C3 and C4 grasses with a strong C4 Panicoid tall grass element between 5900 and 5400 cal. yr BP. An intense, arid event occurred at 4100 cal. yr BP when the lake desiccated and was infilled by Aeolian sand. From 4100 cal. yr BP the vegetation was dominated by C4 Chloridoid types and Cyperaceae, suggesting an incomplete vegetation cover and Aeolian dune reactivation owing to increased regio- nal aridity. These data outline the ecosystem dynamics and carbon cycling in response to palaeomon- soon and north-westerly variability during the Holocene. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Holocene vegetation dynamics in the northeastern Rub' al-Khali desert, Arabian Peninsula: a phytolith, pollen and carbon isotope study

In root tips of a salt-sensitive ecotype of Agrostis stolonifera, treatment with 100 mmol 1_1 NaCl for two weeks resulted in conspicuous structural damage to mitochondria, which became deficient in cristae, swelled and vacuolated. A salt-tolerant ecotype maintained normal root tip mitochondrial structure under the same salt treatment, in spite of accumulating higher levels of sodium and chloride in its roots. The subcellular distribution of chloride, as judged by electron microscopy after precipitation with silver ions, was identical in both ecotypes.

Salt-Induced Ultrastructural Damage to Mitochondria in Root Tips of a Salt-Sensitive Ecotype of Agrostis Stolonifera

Summary

The tolerance of clones of Agrostis stolonifera from salt marsh and inland habitats to the chlorides of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, magnesium and calcium was measured in water culture by a rooting index of tolerance technique. The salt marsh clone was always more tolerant than the inland clone. This was confirmed for LiCl, NaCl and KCl in separate experiments in which dry wt increments were measured. It is suggested that the evolution of tolerance to NaCl in the salt marsh clone has conferred cotolerance to the other alkali metal chlorides, and that the toxicity of LiCl, RbCl and CsCl at least, results from their cations and is not due to chloride ions nor to osmotic stress. Tolerance towards the two alkaline earth chlorides MgCl2 and CaCl2 was also examined. It is suggested that selection for MgCl2 tolerance may have taken place in the salt marsh clone, and that this tolerance has conferred tolerance to CaCl2.

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1982.tb03257.x

Cation cotolerance in a salt‐tolerant clone of agrostis stolonifera l.

Salt-tolerant Agrostis stolonifera ecotypes commonly grow on upper salt marshes, environments regarded as having a limited nitrogen supply. The interaction between salinity and nitrate supply limitation was studied in two ecotypes of A. stolonifera, one isolated from an upper salt marsh and one from an inland habitat. The ion, amino acid, glycine betaine and sugar contents of the two ecotypes were determined over a range of external salt concentrations and levels of nitrate supply. In vivo nitrate reductase activity was also measured. Several low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds accumulated in the salt-stressed plants. Nitrogen supply limitation had a great effect on the way in which the plants responded to salt stress. In particular, the concentrations of the soluble organic nitrogenous compounds were reduced. The results are discussed with respect to the salt marsh environment, and possible models for cytoplasmic osmoregulation are presented.

M. M. Smith

Papers

Holocene vegetation dynamics in the northeastern Rub' al-Khali desert, Arabian Peninsula: a phytolith, pollen and carbon isotope study

Salt-Induced Ultrastructural Damage to Mitochondria in Root Tips of a Salt-Sensitive Ecotype of Agrostis Stolonifera

Cation cotolerance in a salt‐tolerant clone of agrostis stolonifera l.

The effects of the interaction between salinity and nitrogen limitation in Agrostis stolonifera L.