Journal ArticleDOI
Holocene vegetation dynamics in the northeastern Rub' al-Khali desert, Arabian Peninsula: a phytolith, pollen and carbon isotope study
Adrian G. Parker,L. Eckersley,M. M. Smith,Andrew Goudie,Stephen Stokes,S. Ward,Kevin White,Martin J. Hodson +7 more
TLDR
The Holocene vegetation history of the Arabian Peninsula is poorly understood, with few palaeobotanical studies to date as discussed by the authors, and only one study has been carried out at Awafi, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE.Abstract:
The Holocene vegetation history of the Arabian Peninsula is poorly understood, with few palaeobotanical studies to date. At Awafi, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE, a 3.3 m lake sediment sequence records the vegetation development for the period 8500 cal. yr BP to � 3000 cal. yr BP. 13 C isotope, pollen and phytolith analyses indicate that C3 Pooid grassland with a strong woody element existed during the early Holocene (between 8500 and 6000 cal. yr BP) and became replaced by mixed C3 and C4 grasses with a strong C4 Panicoid tall grass element between 5900 and 5400 cal. yr BP. An intense, arid event occurred at 4100 cal. yr BP when the lake desiccated and was infilled by Aeolian sand. From 4100 cal. yr BP the vegetation was dominated by C4 Chloridoid types and Cyperaceae, suggesting an incomplete vegetation cover and Aeolian dune reactivation owing to increased regio- nal aridity. These data outline the ecosystem dynamics and carbon cycling in response to palaeomon- soon and north-westerly variability during the Holocene. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.read more
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Holocene ITCZ and Indian monsoon dynamics recorded in stalagmites from Oman and Yemen (Socotra)
Dominik Fleitmann,Stephen J. Burns,Augusto Mangini,Manfred Mudelsee,Jan Kramers,Igor M. Villa,U. Neff,Abdulkarim A. Al-Subbary,Annett Buettner,Dorothea Hippler,Albert Matter +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, high-resolution oxygen isotope (δ18O) profiles of Holocene stalagmites from four caves in Northern and Southern Oman and Yemen (Socotra) provide detailed information on fluctuations in precipitation along a latitudinal transect from 12°N to 23°N.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenetic Variation in the Silicon Composition of Plants
TL;DR: Information on the phylogenetic variation in shoot Si concentration may provide useful palaeoecological and archaeological information, and inform studies of the biogeochemical cycling of Si and those of the molecular genetics of Si uptake and transport in plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Holocene climate and cultural evolution in late prehistoric-early historic West Asia
Michael Staubwasser,Harvey Weiss +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the precipitation climatology and underlying climate mechanisms of the eastern Mediterranean, West Asia, and the Indian subcontinent, with emphasis on upper and middle tropospheric flow in the subtropics and its steering of precipitation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate in the eastern Mediterranean, and adjacent regions, during the past 6000 years – A review
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the last 6000 years of the eastern Mediterranean paleoclimate data and reconstructions from the region with a focus on the last 5000 years is presented, where the authors provide an up-to-date source of information on climate variability and outline present limitations and future opportunities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abrupt Shifts in Horn of Africa Hydroclimate Since the Last Glacial Maximum
TL;DR: The timing and abruptness of the initiation and termination of the Early Holocene African Humid Period are subjects of ongoing debate, with direct consequences for our understanding of abrupt climate change, paleoenvironments, and early human cultural development.
References
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Book
Textbook of Pollen Analysis
Knut Faegri,Johannes Iversen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the production and dispersal of Pollen Grains, where Pollen is found, how it is recovered, and where it comes from.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter
TL;DR: The amount and type of organic matter in the sediments of lakes and oceans contribute to their paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatological records as discussed by the authors, but only a small fraction of the initial aquatic organic matter survives destruction and alteration during sinking and sedimentation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon isotope fractionation in plants
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a mathematical model to predict the overall isotope discrimination in terms of diffusion, interconversion, incorporation, and respiration in C 3, C 4 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Isotopes in PhotosynthesisFractionation techniques may reveal new aspects of carbon dynamics in plants
TL;DR: The fractionation of carbon isotopes that occurs during photosynthesis is one of the most useful techniques for investigating the efficiency of CO2 uptake and indicates that different strategies are needed for improving wateruse efficiency in different kinds of plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period:rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing
Peter B deMenocal,Joseph D. Ortiz,Thomas P. Guilderson,Jess F. Adkins,Michael Sarnthein,Linda Baker,Martha Yarusinsky +6 more
TL;DR: A detailed (ca. 100 yr resolution) and well-dated (18 AMS ^(14)C dates to 23 cal. ka BP) record of latest Pleistocene-Holocene variations in terrigenous (eolian) sediment deposition at ODP Site 658C off Cap Blanc, Mauritania documents very abrupt, large-scale changes in subtropical North African climate as discussed by the authors.