Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.

/pdf/reactions-in-droplets-in-microfluidic-channels-22iig0bcxm.pdf

Reactions in Droplets in Microfluidic Channels

Flow chemistry involves the use of channels or tubing to conduct a reaction in a continuous stream rather than in a flask Flow equipment provides chemists with unique control over reaction parameters enhancing reactivity or in some cases enabling new reactions This relatively young technology has received a remarkable amount of attention in the past decade with many reports on what can be done in flow Until recently, however, the question, “Should we do this in flow?” has merely been an afterthought This review introduces readers to the basic principles and fundamentals of flow chemistry and critically discusses recent flow chemistry accounts

The Hitchhiker's Guide to Flow Chemistry

Continuous-flow photochemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention from researchers in academia and industry as this technology provides reduced reaction times, higher selectivities, straightforward scalability, and the possibility to safely use hazardous intermediates and gaseous reactants. In this review, an up-to-date overview is given of photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors, including applications in organic synthesis, material science, and water treatment. In addition, the advantages of continuous-flow photochemistry are pointed out and a thorough comparison with batch processing is presented.

Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment

The successes and failures of past research in the development of microfluidic reactors for chemical synthesis are highlighted. Current roadblocks are assessed and a series of challenges for the future of this area are identified.

/pdf/the-past-present-and-potential-for-microfluidic-reactor-30n6i6acaz.pdf

The past, present and potential for microfluidic reactor technology in chemical synthesis

A so-called “slug-flow” capillary microreactor has been proposed for the investigation of mass-transfer-limited liquid−liquid reactions. Internal circulation within the slug leads to an intensified and tunable mass transfer. Understanding the development of the circulatory flows and the influence of operating parameters upon them is thus crucial. In this study, experiments were carried out to visualize the internal circulations using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. State-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to predict the internal circulation within the liquid slugs and a CFD particle tracing algorithm employed to visualize them. Each slug was modeled as a distinct single-phase flow domain. The effect of the flow velocity and slug length on the velocity profile and stagnant zones of the internal circulations for a slug with and without a wall film is discussed. The internal circulations could be qualitatively and quantitatively characterized with the help of the ...

/pdf/internal-circulation-within-the-liquid-slugs-of-a-liquid-4ecu3wqcrl.pdf

Internal Circulation within the Liquid Slugs of a Liquid-Liquid Slug-Flow Capillary Microreactor

Gas–liquid and liquid–liquid mass transfer in microstructured reactors

Hydrodynamics of liquid–liquid slug flow capillary microreactor: Flow regimes, slug size and pressure drop

The widely used separation process of liquid−liquid extraction is performed in a variety of contactors. The interfacial area in these conventional contactors is often poorly defined, because of the...

Liquid−Liquid Slug Flow in a Capillary: An Alternative to Suspended Drop or Film Contactors

The manufacture of chemicals in microstructured reactors (MSR) has become recently a new branch of chemical reaction engineering focusing on process intensification and safety. MSR have an equivalent hydraulic diameter up to a few hundreds of micrometers and, therefore, provide high mass- and heat-transfer efficiency increasing the reactor performance drastically, compared to the conventional one. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of the MSR applied for multiphase reactions. The reactions are classified based on the number of phases involved: fluid−fluid, fluid−solid, and three phase reactions. In the first part of the review, limitations of conventional reactors are discussed in brief. Furthermore, different types of MSR and their advantages with respect to their conventional counterparts are described. Particular attention is given to the identification of the parameters that control the flow pattern formed in microcapillaries regarding the mass-transfer efficiency. ...

/pdf/microstructured-reactors-for-multiphase-reactions-state-of-32lhu9qam6.pdf

M.N. Kashid

Papers

Internal Circulation within the Liquid Slugs of a Liquid-Liquid Slug-Flow Capillary Microreactor

Gas–liquid and liquid–liquid mass transfer in microstructured reactors

Hydrodynamics of liquid–liquid slug flow capillary microreactor: Flow regimes, slug size and pressure drop

Liquid−Liquid Slug Flow in a Capillary: An Alternative to Suspended Drop or Film Contactors

Microstructured Reactors for Multiphase Reactions: State of the Art