A review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species

Microbes are unique creatures that adapt to varying lifestyles and environment resistance in extreme or adverse conditions. The genetic architecture of microbe may bear a significant signature not only in the sequences position, but also in the lifestyle to which it is adapted. It becomes a challenge for the society to find new chemical entities which can treat microbial infections. The present review aims to focus on account of important chemical moiety, that is, pyrimidine and its various derivatives as antimicrobial agents. In the current studies we represent more than 200 pyrimidines as antimicrobial agents with different mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted classes along with in vitro antimicrobial activities of pyrimidines derivatives which can facilitate the development of more potent and effective antimicrobial agents.

/pdf/significance-and-biological-importance-of-pyrimidine-in-the-3ioebn8xc6.pdf

Significance and Biological Importance of Pyrimidine in the Microbial World

Resistance to antibiotics is a major global problem and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic agents. Although many classes of active compounds have been established as efficient derivatives in diverse fields of antimicrobial therapy, they have not yet found wide application against a few deadly microbes. In recent years, compounds have been developed that have solved some of the problems posed; for example improved bioavailability is one of the targets achieved with most of the more recent compounds, allowing for once-daily dosing. Benzofuran and its derivatives are found to be suitable structures, existing widely in natural products and unnatural compounds with a wide range of biological and pharmacological applications; thus, considerable attention has been focused on the discovery of new drugs in the fields of drug invention and development. Some benzofuran derivatives, such as psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen and angelicin have been used in the treatment of skin diseases such as cancer or psoriasis. The unique structural features of benzofuran and its wide array of biological activities make it a privileged structure in the field of drug discovery, especially in the search for efficient antimicrobial candidates. Recently, this scaffold has emerged as a pharmacophore of choice for designing antimicrobial agents that are active toward different clinically approved targets. To pave the way for future research, there is a need to collect the latest information in this promising area. In the present review, we collated the published reports on this versatile core to provide a deeper insight, so that its full therapeutic potential can be utilized for the treatment of microbial diseases. This study systematically provides a comprehensive report on current developments in benzofuran-based compounds as antimicrobial agents and is also helpful for the researchers working on a substitution pattern around the nucleus, with an aim to help medicinal chemists to develop structure activity relationships (SAR) on these derivatives as antimicrobial drugs.

/pdf/benzofuran-an-emerging-scaffold-for-antimicrobial-agents-11v1diimlx.pdf

Benzofuran: an emerging scaffold for antimicrobial agents

A study of the bactericidal, anti-biofouling, cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of actinobacterially synthesised silver nanoparticles.

Synthesis of novel benzo[h]quinolines: wound healing, antibacterial, DNA binding and in vitro antioxidant activity.

Antioxidant, cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of alcoholic extract of Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd.

A series of novel substituted thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinolines 4a–e , 5a–e , and 6a–e were prepared from substituted 3-formyl-2-mercapto quinolines 2a–e , on reaction with ethyl acetoacetate, diethyl malonate, and ethyl cyanoacetate 3a–c by microwave irradiation in the presence of piperidine. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities. Among the compounds tested, 7-chloro-2-oxo-2H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinoline-3-carbonitrile 6d and 7-nitro-2-oxo-2H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinoline-3-carbonitrile 6e were highly active against S. aureus and M. roseus.

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some Novel Thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinolines as a New Class of Antimicrobial Agent

Synthesis of 3-{naphtho(2,1-b)furan-2-ylcarbonyl}-3H-1,3,4-benzotriazepine 6 was reported. The conversion of 3 into various substituted derivatives of schiff bases by reacting with substituted 2-aminobenzaldehyde 4, which intern cyclise in presence of triethyl ortho formate to produce the title compounds. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds have been established by 1 H NMR, IR, Mass spectra and elemental analysis. The selected compounds have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Microwave assisted synthesis of naphtho(2,1-b)furan-1, 3, 4- benzotriazepines: a potent antimicrobial agent

Ethyl naphtho(2,1-b)furan-2-carboxylate has been prepared from 2-hydroxy-1- naphthaldehyde 1 and ethyl chloroacetate, which on further treatment with hydrazine hydrate gave naphtha(2,1- b)furan-2-carbohydrazide 3. The resulting compound 3 was treated with substituted aldehydes of 2-chloro-3-formylquinolines to give the Schiff base, which on treatment with chloro acetyl chloride gave the title compounds. The structure of the compounds has been confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral studies. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.

https://www.arkat-usa.org/get-file/22864/

Synthesis of novel nitrogen containing naphtho(2,1-b)furan derivatives and investigation of their anti microbial activities

Ethyl naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-carboxylate (2) on reaction with hydrazine hydrate in presence of acid catalyst in ethanol medium affords naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-carbohydrazide (3). The reaction of substituted acetophenones (4a-c) with aromatic aldehydes (5a-e) produces chalcones (6a-o) via the Claisen condensation. The reaction of naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-carbohydrazide (3) with chalcones (6a-6o) in presence of acetic acid as catalyst in dioxane produces 1-(naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-yl-carbonyl)-3,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles (7a-o). The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis and spectral studies. The compounds 7a-o have been evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and some selected compounds evaluated for antiinflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, diuretic and antipyretic activities.

https://www.ijpsonline.com/articles/synthesis-and-activity-evaluation-of-21naphtho21-b-furan2ylcarbonyl35disubstituted23dihydro1hpyrazoles.pdf

M. N. Kumaraswamy

Papers

Antioxidant, cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of alcoholic extract of Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd.

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some Novel Thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinolines as a New Class of Antimicrobial Agent

Microwave assisted synthesis of naphtho(2,1-b)furan-1, 3, 4- benzotriazepines: a potent antimicrobial agent

Synthesis of novel nitrogen containing naphtho(2,1-b)furan derivatives and investigation of their anti microbial activities

Synthesis and Activity Evaluation of 2-(1-naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-yl-carbonyl)-3,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles.