World energy demand is expected to increase due to the expanding urbanization, better living standards and increasing population. At a time when society is becoming increasingly aware of the declining reserves of fossil fuels beside the environmental concerns, it has become apparent that biodiesel is destined to make a substantial contribution to the future energy demands of the domestic and industrial economies. There are different potential feedstocks for biodiesel production. Non-edible vegetable oils which are known as the second generation feedstocks can be considered as promising substitutions for traditional edible food crops for the production of biodiesel. The use of non-edible plant oils is very significant because of the tremendous demand for edible oils as food source. Moreover, edible oils’ feedstock costs are far expensive to be used as fuel. Therefore, production of biodiesel from non-edible oils is an effective way to overcome all the associated problems with edible oils. However, the potential of converting non-edible oil into biodiesel must be well examined. This is because physical and chemical properties of biodiesel produced from any feedstock must comply with the limits of ASTM and DIN EN specifications for biodiesel fuels. This paper introduces non-edible vegetable oils to be used as biodiesel feedstocks. Several aspects related to these feedstocks have been reviewed from various recent publications. These aspects include overview of non-edible oil resources, advantages of non-edible oils, problems in exploitation of non-edible oils, fatty acid composition profiles (FAC) of various non-edible oils, oil extraction techniques, technologies of biodiesel production from non-edible oils, biodiesel standards and characterization, properties and characteristic of non-edible biodiesel and engine performance and emission production. As a conclusion, it has been found that there is a huge chance to produce biodiesel from non-edible oil sources and therefore it can boost the future production of biodiesel.

Non-edible vegetable oils: A critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends

Emission reduction in a Di diesel engine using exhaust gas recirculation (Egr) of palm biodiesel blended with TiO2 nano additives

The effect of nano-additives in diesel-biodiesel fuel blends: A comprehensive review on stability, engine performance and emission characteristics

Impacts of additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines during steady state operation

Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes as fuel-borne additives in Diesterol blends on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine

An experimental investigation is carried out to establish the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine while using cerium oxide nanoparticles as additive in neat diesel and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. In the first phase of the experiments, stability of neat diesel and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol fuel blends with the addition of cerium oxide nanoparticles are analyzed. After series of experiments, it is found that the blends subjected to high speed blending followed by ultrasonic bath stabilization improves the stability. The phase separation between diesel and ethanol is prevented using vegetable methyl ester (Biodiesel) prepared from the castor oil through transesterification process. In the second phase, performance characteristics are studied using the stable fuel blends in a single cylinder four stroke computerised variable compression ratio engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer and a data acquisition system. The cerium oxide acts as an oxygen donating catalyst and provides oxygen for the oxidation of CO or absorbs oxygen for the reduction of NOx. The activation energy of cerium oxide acts to burn off carbon deposits within the engine cylinder at the wall temperature and prevents the deposition of non-polar compounds on the cylinder wall results reduction in HC emissions. The tests revealed that cerium oxide nanoparticles can be used as additive in diesel and diesel-biodieselethanol blend to improve complete combustion of the fuel and reduce the exhaust emissions significantly.

Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle addition in diesel and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a ci engine

Investigation on the effect of injection system parameters on performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine fuelled with pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend using response surface methodology

An experimental investigation is carried out to study the combustion characteristics of diesel−biodiesel−ethanol blends in a single-cylinder four stroke direct injection variable compression ratio engine under the compression ratios 15:1, 17:1, and 19:1. As the ethanol is immiscible with diesel, biodiesel (jatropha methyl ester) is used as an additive to prevent the phase separation of the diesel−ethanol blends. The addition of ethanol decreases the cetane number of the blend, whereas the biodiesel addition improves the cetane number of the resultant mixture. The combustion characteristics of the stable fuel blends (D85B10E5, D80B10E10, D75B10E15, D70B10E20, and D65B10E25) are studied and compared with neat diesel by conducting experiments on the computerized variable compression ratio engine test rig. A piezoelectric pressure sensor and a crank angle encoder are used to record the cylinder gas pressure and a crank angle, respectively, to determine the combustion parameters. It is observed that the cylind...

Combustion Characteristics of Diesohol Using Biodiesel as an Additive in a Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine under Various Compression Ratios

This paper reports on the effect of water emulsified diesel fuel combustion on brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and NOx and hydrocarbon emissions in a diesel engine. The experiments were conducted on a single cylinder four stroke cycle direct injection diesel engine at constant speed with a fuel injection pressure of 200 bars. Tests were conducted using commercial diesel fuel and diesel fuel with 10% and 20% water by volume. From the test results, it was found that the water emulsification has a potential to improve brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. The NOx and hydrocarbon emissions were found to decrease with increase in water percentage in the emulsified diesel.

M. Udayakumar

Papers

Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes as fuel-borne additives in Diesterol blends on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine

Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle addition in diesel and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a ci engine

Investigation on the effect of injection system parameters on performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine fuelled with pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend using response surface methodology

Combustion Characteristics of Diesohol Using Biodiesel as an Additive in a Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine under Various Compression Ratios

NOx AND HC EMISSION CONTROL USING WATER EMULSIFIED DIESEL IN SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE