Showing papers in "Applied Energy in 2011"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the latest status of PEM fuel cell technology development and applications in the transportation, stationary, and portable/micro power generation sectors through an overview of the state-of-the-art and most recent technical progress.

TL;DR: The use of high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) for nutrient removal has been in existence for some decades though the technology has not been fully harnessed for wastewater treatment as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present baseline economics for two microalgae pathways, by performing a comprehensive analysis using a set of assumptions for what can plausibly be achieved within a five-year timeframe.

TL;DR: The cost of producing bioethanol in a dry mill plant currently totals US$1.65/galon as mentioned in this paper, and it has been showed that plant size has a major effect on cost.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the analysis of energy savings that can be achieved in a building heating system by applying model predictive control (MPC) and using weather predictions.

TL;DR: In this paper, four approaches based on autoregressive moving average (ARMA) method are employed for short-term forecasting of wind speed and direction are employed to forecast wind turbine operation and efficient energy harvesting.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the perspectives for the biodiesel industry to thrive as an alternative fuel, while discussing opportunities and challenges of biodiesel, is presented, focusing on possible environmental and social impacts associated with biodiesel production, such as food security, land change and water source.

TL;DR: In this paper, the analyses and results of the design of a 100% renewable energy system by the year 2050 are presented for a complete energy system including transport, and two short-term transition target years in the process towards this goal are analysed for 2015 and 2030.

TL;DR: In this article, an optimization procedure was conducted with a simulation program written in Matlab using five indicators: thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, recovery efficiency, heat exchanger area per unit power output (APR), and the levelized energy cost (LEC).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the determinants of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) for a global panel consisting of 69 countries using a dynamic panel data model to make the panel data analysis more homogenous.

TL;DR: The state of the art regarding microalgae toward production of biofuels is covered, both from the point of view of the microalgal cell itself and of the supporting bioreactor; and current limitations and promising perspectives in this field are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of temperature on the yield of hydrogen from two algae (Cladophora fracta and Chlorella protothecoid) by pyrolysis and steam gasification were investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth for a panel of six Central American countries over the period 1980-2006, and found a long-run equilibrium relationship between real GDP, renewable energy, real gross fixed capital formation, and the labor force with the respective coefficients positive and statistically significant.

TL;DR: The factors that affect the biomass composition of cyanob bacteria are reviewed and several studies that discuss the culture of filamentous cyanobacteria in agro-industrial wastes and wastewaters are presented, with special emphasis on Spirulina.

TL;DR: Clostridium beijerinckii is being explored as promising strain to produce biobutanol from cellulosic materials and selection of suitable bacterial strain is focused on, as well as availability of cheaper biomass to produce butanol, metabolic engineering strategies of various microorganisms are focused on.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the behavior of a small-scale ORC used to recover energy from a variable flow rate and temperature waste heat source, and compare three different control strategies.

TL;DR: In this article, a reference model of the existing Irish energy-system was constructed, and subsequently three different 100% renewable energy systems were created with each focusing on a different resource: biomass, hydrogen, and electricity.

TL;DR: In this article, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of algal biofuels suggests them to be environmentally better than the fossil fuels but economically it is not yet so attractive.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview on the characteristics of LNG, present state of affairs, its import from overseas, CNG vs. LNG as an automobile fuel, eco-friendliness of natural gas fuel, etc.

TL;DR: In this article, an application of the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm to the multi-objective optimization of a stand-alone PV-wind-diesel system with batteries storage is described.

TL;DR: This study evaluated mixotrophic growth potential of native microalgae in media supplemented with different organic carbon substrates and wastewaters and found that the consortia of Chlamydomonas–Chlorella and Scenedesmus– Chlorella were the best for PLE and untreated wastewater respectively, while a combination all three strains was suitable for both Ple and wastewater.

TL;DR: In this article, six kinds of numerical methods commonly used for estimating Weibull parameters are reviewed; i.e., the moment, empirical, graphical, maximum likelihood, modified maximum likelihood and energy pattern factor method.

TL;DR: In this paper, a selection of currently available models for distributed generation planning and design is presented and analyzed in the perspective of gathering their capabilities in an optimization framework to support a paradigm shift in urban energy systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, the suitability of waste cooking oil methyl ester as a biofuel has been established in a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratio multi fuel engine when fueled with waste cooking oils methyl esters and its 20, 40, 60% and 80% blends with diesel (on a volume basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel.

TL;DR: In this paper, the competitiveness of present and future district heating systems can be at risk when residential and service sector heat demands are expected to decrease in the future, and the future competitiveness of district heating system can be evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the technical and economic potential of energy-intensive industries to provide demand-side management (DSM) in electricity and balancing markets through 2030 is investigated, based on an extension of an existing European electricity market model, simulations are used here to make long-term forecasts for market prices, dispatch and investments in the electricity markets through linear optimization.

TL;DR: In this article, the use of ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) as a fuel borne catalyst (FBC) for waste cooking palm oil based biodiesel was investigated, and the results revealed that the FBC added biodiesel resulted in a decreased brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 86% while the brake thermal efficiency increased by 63%.

TL;DR: In this paper, a system to recover waste heat comprised 24 thermoelectric generators (TEG) to convert heat from the exhaust pipe of an automobile to electrical energy has been constructed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the feasibility of using high percentage of ethanol in diesel-ethanol blends, with biodiesel as a co-solvent and properties enhancer.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of micro-scale combustion and micro-thermophotovoltaic power generators is presented, and a brief review is made to other micro power generators.