Recent progress in the leading synthetic applications of acetylene is discussed from the prospect of rapid development and novel opportunities. A diversity of reactions involving the acetylene molecule to carry out vinylation processes, cross-coupling reactions, synthesis of substituted alkynes, preparation of heterocycles and the construction of a number of functionalized molecules with different levels of molecular complexity were recently studied. Of particular importance is the utilization of acetylene in the synthesis of pharmaceutical substances and drugs. The increasing interest in acetylene and its involvement in organic transformations highlights a fascinating renaissance of this simplest alkyne molecule.

Acetylene in Organic Synthesis: Recent Progress and New Uses.

Calcium carbide, a stable solid compound composed of two atoms of carbon and one of calcium, has proven its effectiveness in chemical synthesis, due to the safety and convenience of handling the C≡C acetylenic units. The areas of CaC2 application are very diverse, and the development of calcium-mediated approaches resolves several important challenges. This Review aims to discuss the laboratory chemistry of calcium carbide, and to go beyond its frontiers to organic synthesis, life sciences, materials and construction, carbon dioxide capturing, alloy manufacturing, and agriculture. The recyclability of calcium carbide and the availability of large-scale industrial production facilities, as well as the future possibility of fossil-resource-independent manufacturing, position this compound as a key chemical platform for sustainable development. Easy regeneration and reuse of the carbide highlight calcium-based sustainable chemical technologies as promising instruments for total carbon recycling.

Calcium-Based Sustainable Chemical Technologies for Total Carbon Recycling

Design, synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and docking studies of urea-triazole-amide hybrids

Schiff base derived bis-organosilanes: Immobilization on silica nanosphere and Cu2+ and Fe3+ dual ion sensing

Among different types of labeling, 13C-labeled compounds are the most demanding in organic chemistry, life sciences and materials design. However, 13C-labeled organic molecules are very difficult to employ in practice due to extreme cost. The rather narrow range of labeled organic starting materials and the absence of universal synthetic building units further complicate the problem and make utilization of 13C-labeled molecules hardly possible in many cases. Here we report a versatile approach for 13C2-labeling of organic molecules starting with 13C elemental carbon: 13C carbon is applied for the synthesis of calcium carbide (Ca13C2), which is subsequently used to generate acetylene – a universal 13C2 unit for atom-economic organic transformations. Syntheses of labeled alkynes, O,S,N-functionalized vinyl derivatives, polymers and pharmaceutical substances were demonstrated. Elemental 13C carbon, as the chemically most simple source for 13C2-labeling, here was successfully combined with universal synthetic applicability of alkynes.

Efficient labeling of organic molecules using 13C elemental carbon: universal access to 13C2-labeled synthetic building blocks, polymers and pharmaceuticals

1,2,3-Triazoles based 3-substituted 2-thioquinoxalines: Synthesis, anti-bacterial activities, and molecular docking studies

Using Calcium Carbide as an Acetylene Source for Cascade Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines via Copper-Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction

One palladium-catalyzed sequential coupling reactions were successfully used as a new protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,3-diethynyl quinoxalines and 4-ethynyl-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines. The one-pot two coupling reactions of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline, with two different terminal alkynes, under controlled conditions produced selectively unsymmetrical 2,3-diethynyl quinoxalines with high yields. When one of the two terminal alkynes was 3-propyne-1-ol, in the presence of secondary amines, cyclization occurred and 4-ethynyl-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines were successfully formed. All synthesized compounds were tested against the two bacterial strains including Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

One-pot sequential coupling reactions as a new practical protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,3-diethynyl quinoxalines and 4-ethynyl-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines.

A novel, simple, and efficient protocol is described for the synthesis of 1-alkyl-2-(aryloxy)methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines via the one-pot reaction of phenol or 2-naphthol derivatives, propargyl bromide, and N-alkyl-3-chloroquinoxaline-2-amines in the presence of palladium catalyst This one-pot reaction is carried out in the absence of any copper salt at room temperature The reaction product is dependent on the nature of the base used The use of morpholine, as the base, affords the final cyclized product, and triethylamine only gives the coupling product

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Correction to: Novel one-pot synthesis of 1-alkyl-2-(aryloxy)methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines via copper-free Sonogashira coupling reaction

Rapid Synthesis of 2‐Alkanol‐substituted Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoxalines from Propargylic Alcohols via Copper‐free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction at Room Temperature

Mahsa Fakharian

Papers

1,2,3-Triazoles based 3-substituted 2-thioquinoxalines: Synthesis, anti-bacterial activities, and molecular docking studies

Using Calcium Carbide as an Acetylene Source for Cascade Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines via Copper-Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction

One-pot sequential coupling reactions as a new practical protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,3-diethynyl quinoxalines and 4-ethynyl-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines.

Correction to: Novel one-pot synthesis of 1-alkyl-2-(aryloxy)methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines via copper-free Sonogashira coupling reaction

Rapid Synthesis of 2‐Alkanol‐substituted Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoxalines from Propargylic Alcohols via Copper‐free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction at Room Temperature