Soil is dynamic living matrix and it is not only a critical resource in agricultural and food security but it is also towards maintenance of all life process. Pathogenic microorganisms affecting plant health are a major and chronic threat to sustainable agriculture and ecosystem stability worldwide. The chemical fertilizers used in the agriculture to increase yields, kill pathogens, pests, and weeds, have a big harmful impact on the ecosystem. Because of current public concerns about the side effects of agrochemicals, there is an increasing interest in improving the understanding of cooperative activities among plants and rhizosphere microbial populations. So, there is an urgent need of biological agents is accepted worldwide. The use of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a better alternative to solve this problem. They play an important role to increase in soil fertility, plant growth promotion, and suppression of phytopathogens for development of ecofriendly sustainable agriculture. This review provides environment friendly approach to increase crop production and health, development of sustainable agriculture and commercialization by using of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with global applicability.

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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Current and Future Prospects for Development of Sustainable Agriculture

https://research.tees.ac.uk/ws/files/4186295/621297.pdf

Recent bioreduction of hexavalent chromium in wastewater treatment: A review

Hexavalent chromium reduction potential of Cellulosimicrobium sp. isolated from common effluent treatment plant of tannery industries.

Chromium has long been recognized as a toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic metal It is toxic to microorganism, plants, animals and humans Chromium exists in environment in two stable forms: Cr(VI) and Cr(III) Cr(III) is less toxic and insoluble, while Cr(VI) is extremely toxic and highly soluble Chromium is used in many industrial applications, but it poses a threat to local environment The effluents and solid wastes from the mining, chrome-plating, leather-tanning, and dye-manufacturing industries are high in chromium concentration and identified as a major health hazard because of pollution to the environment Industrial waste is used in landfilling, which causes the seepage, and the leaching of toxic chromium from soil into water bodies poses a threat to the environment Ferrochrome industry is one of the biggest contributors of the chromium pollution to the water bodies South Africa has the world’s largest chromium reserve The waste materials produced by ferrochrome industry are slag, dust and processed water These wastes have high chromium concentration that can cause pollution to the environment Inhalation is the major exposure route of the Cr(VI) toxicity in humans The bioremediation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the polluted site is a cost-effective and ecofriendly solution for preventing chromium detoxification Bioremediation can be in situ or ex situ, and choice of remediation method depends upon the extent of pollution and the nature of the site This paper summarizes the chromium pollution caused by ferrochrome industries, current remediation method adopted by ferrochrome industries, and the possible new methods for effective bioremediation This paper focuses mainly on bioremediation techniques to convert the high-toxic form of chromium to less-toxic and mobile form of chromium

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Chromium in Environment, Its Toxic Effect from Chromite-Mining and Ferrochrome Industries, and Its Possible Bioremediation

Prosopis juliflora is characterized by distinct and profuse growth even in nutritionally poor soil and environmentally stressed conditions and is believed to harbor some novel heavy metal-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere and endosphere. This study was performed to isolate and characterize Cr-resistant bacteria from the rhizosphere and endosphere of P. juliflora growing on the tannery effluent contaminated soil. A total of 5 and 21 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere and endosphere, respectively, could tolerate Cr up to 3000 mg l-1. These isolates also exhibited tolerance to other toxic heavy metals such as, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, and high concentration (174 g l-1) of NaCl. Moreover, most of the isolated bacterial strains showed one or more plant growth-promoting activities. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated a higher and wider range of population of Cr-resistant bacteria in the endosphere than rhizosphere and the predominant species included Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Aerococcus. As far as we know, this is the first report detecting rhizo- and endophytic bacterial population associated with P. juliflora growing on the tannery effluent contaminated soil. The inoculation of three isolates to ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) improved plant growth and heavy metal removal from the tannery effluent contaminated soil suggesting that these bacteria could enhance the establishment of the plant in contaminated soil and also improve the efficiency of phytoremediation of heavy metal-degraded soils.

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Cr-resistant rhizo- and endophytic bacteria associated with Prosopis juliflora and their potential as phytoremediation enhancing agents in metal-degraded soils.

Manishi Tripathi

Papers

Hexavalent chromium reduction and plant growth promotion by Staphylococcus arlettae Strain Cr11