Soil is dynamic living matrix and it is not only a critical resource in agricultural and food security but it is also towards maintenance of all life process. Pathogenic microorganisms affecting plant health are a major and chronic threat to sustainable agriculture and ecosystem stability worldwide. The chemical fertilizers used in the agriculture to increase yields, kill pathogens, pests, and weeds, have a big harmful impact on the ecosystem. Because of current public concerns about the side effects of agrochemicals, there is an increasing interest in improving the understanding of cooperative activities among plants and rhizosphere microbial populations. So, there is an urgent need of biological agents is accepted worldwide. The use of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a better alternative to solve this problem. They play an important role to increase in soil fertility, plant growth promotion, and suppression of phytopathogens for development of ecofriendly sustainable agriculture. This review provides environment friendly approach to increase crop production and health, development of sustainable agriculture and commercialization by using of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with global applicability.

/pdf/plant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria-pgpr-current-and-future-54mfooaxy1.pdf

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Current and Future Prospects for Development of Sustainable Agriculture

Many viruses infect humans and most are controlled satisfactorily by the immune system with limited damage to host tissues. Some viruses, however, do cause overt damage to the host, either in isolated cases or as a reaction that commonly occurs after infection. The outcome is influenced by properties of the infecting virus, the circumstances of infection and several factors controlled by the host. In this Review, we focus on host factors that influence the outcome of viral infection, including genetic susceptibility, the age of the host when infected, the dose and route of infection, the induction of anti-inflammatory cells and proteins, as well as the presence of concurrent infections and past exposure to cross-reactive agents.

/pdf/immunity-and-immunopathology-to-viruses-what-decides-the-2u4j3485ms.pdf

Immunity and immunopathology to viruses: what decides the outcome?

https://research.tees.ac.uk/ws/files/4186295/621297.pdf

Recent bioreduction of hexavalent chromium in wastewater treatment: A review

Hexavalent chromium reduction potential of Cellulosimicrobium sp. isolated from common effluent treatment plant of tannery industries.

Chromium has long been recognized as a toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic metal It is toxic to microorganism, plants, animals and humans Chromium exists in environment in two stable forms: Cr(VI) and Cr(III) Cr(III) is less toxic and insoluble, while Cr(VI) is extremely toxic and highly soluble Chromium is used in many industrial applications, but it poses a threat to local environment The effluents and solid wastes from the mining, chrome-plating, leather-tanning, and dye-manufacturing industries are high in chromium concentration and identified as a major health hazard because of pollution to the environment Industrial waste is used in landfilling, which causes the seepage, and the leaching of toxic chromium from soil into water bodies poses a threat to the environment Ferrochrome industry is one of the biggest contributors of the chromium pollution to the water bodies South Africa has the world’s largest chromium reserve The waste materials produced by ferrochrome industry are slag, dust and processed water These wastes have high chromium concentration that can cause pollution to the environment Inhalation is the major exposure route of the Cr(VI) toxicity in humans The bioremediation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the polluted site is a cost-effective and ecofriendly solution for preventing chromium detoxification Bioremediation can be in situ or ex situ, and choice of remediation method depends upon the extent of pollution and the nature of the site This paper summarizes the chromium pollution caused by ferrochrome industries, current remediation method adopted by ferrochrome industries, and the possible new methods for effective bioremediation This paper focuses mainly on bioremediation techniques to convert the high-toxic form of chromium to less-toxic and mobile form of chromium

/pdf/chromium-in-environment-its-toxic-effect-from-chromite-rhm0a4zqvh.pdf

Chromium in Environment, Its Toxic Effect from Chromite-Mining and Ferrochrome Industries, and Its Possible Bioremediation

Hexavalent chromium reduction and plant growth promotion by Staphylococcus arlettae Strain Cr11

Of the 8 known herpesviruses that affect human beings, we only have successful vaccines against varicella zoster virus. This brief review compares the pathogenesis of varicella zoster virus with that of the closely related alpha-herpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, for which we have no satisfactory vaccines. The main objective of this review is to learn lessons from the success of varicella zoster virus vaccine that could be exploited for the development of successful vaccines against herpes simplex virus and perhaps against other herpes viruses.

/pdf/a-tale-of-two-a-herpesviruses-lessons-for-vaccinologists-33udfad85b.pdf

A Tale of Two α-Herpesviruses: Lessons for Vaccinologists

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram negative, multiple drug-resistant (MDR) biofilm forming organism associated with nosocomial infections, is the causative agent of several life-threatening diseases. Emergence of multiple drug resistance against current generation antibiotics in such pathogens is a serious problem for medical practitioners. An alternative means to control the MDR pathogens is combination therapy of antibiotic with suitable biological control measures such as lytic bacteriophages. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of P. aeruginosa specific phage vB_PaeM_P6 which is used in combination with sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin for the control of P. aeruginosa biofilm. Synergistic activity of phage 0.05 multiplicity of infection and sub-MIC ciprofloxacin (0.75 \({\mu}\)g/ml) treatment is reported for the inhibition of biofilm forming as well as preformed biofilms of five clinical strains of P. aeruginosa.

Efficacy of Phage and Ciprofloxacin Co-therapy on the Formation and Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Background Microbial communities encased in exopolymeric substances (EPS) attached to suitable substrate as biofilms show heightened resistance to multiple drugs including antibiotics. One promising control strategy in dealing with the ever mounting problem of antibiotic resistance amongst biofilm forming bacterial pathogens is the use of biological agents. Objective This review focuses on the development of bacteriophages as means of disrupting biofilm forming pathogens and hence mitigation of multiple drug resistant organisms. Results Bacteriophages are obligatory viral intracellular parasites that can cause lytic infection of their bacterial hosts. Bacteriophage (Phage) therapy is advantageous in being highly host specific, safe and non-toxic to humans and hence environmental friendly. Bacteriophage induced lysis of cells within the biofilm is aided by the production of penetrating enzymes such as endolysins and EPS depolymerases as well quorum sensing inhibitors such as lactonases. Conclusion Phages are a promising alternative therapy for the control of multiple drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Several phage (indigenous and engineered)/ phage products are currently being patented and developed as commercial biological control agents.

Bacteriophage for Mitigation of Multiple Drug Resistant Biofilm Forming Pathogens.

Bacteriophages are effective biocontrol strategy as well as ecofriendly remedy for the emerging antibiotic and chemical resistance in bacterial phytopathogens such as bacterial wilt-causing Ralstonia solanacearum One of the major challenges in the use of bacteriophage therapy for agricultural phytopathogens is maintaining their viability even during variations in pH, temperature, ultraviolet irradiation, and desiccation during field application for sustainable agriculture In this study, the isolation and characterization of phage ɸsp1 for its efficacy against wilt-causing R solanacearum performed on Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) seedlings and Solanum tuberosum (potato) tuber assay are reported Bacteriophage was found to be viable and stable at a wide pH range (30–90) and at temperatures up to 55 °C Phage ɸsp1 required ~15 min for adsorption and completed its life cycle in 25–30 min by host cell lysis with a burst size of ~250–300 Phage ɸsp1 eradicated 9473% preformed R solanacearum biofilm and inhibited biofilm formation by 7368% as determined by the static crystal violet microtiter biofilm assay Transmission electron microscope revealed the phage ɸsp1 to be approximately 208±15 nm in size, comprising of icosahedral head (100 ±15 nm) and tail, as belonging to Myoviridae family Plant bioassays showed 8139 and 8775% reduction in pathogen count using phages ɸsp1 in potato tuber and tomato seedlings, respectively Reversal in disease symptoms was 100% in phage-treated tuber and tomato plant (pot assay) compared to only pathogen-treated controls Isolated bacteriophage ɸsp1 was found to be highly host specific, effective in biofilm prevention, and capable of inhibiting bacterial wilt at low multiplicity of infection (10 MOI) in tomato as well as potato tuber bioassays Phages ɸsp1 were environmentally stable as they survive at variable pH and temperature Bacteriophage ɸsp1 shows a promise for development into a biocontrol formulation for the prevention of R solanacearum bacterial wilt disease

/pdf/biocontrol-potential-of-bacteriophage-fsp1-against-bacterial-3tjqjsfsen.pdf

Shilpa Deshpande Kaistha

Papers

Hexavalent chromium reduction and plant growth promotion by Staphylococcus arlettae Strain Cr11

A Tale of Two α-Herpesviruses: Lessons for Vaccinologists

Efficacy of Phage and Ciprofloxacin Co-therapy on the Formation and Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Bacteriophage for Mitigation of Multiple Drug Resistant Biofilm Forming Pathogens.

Biocontrol potential of bacteriophage ɸsp1 against bacterial wilt-causing Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanaceae crops