This review article summarizes the last few decades of research on nickel hydroxide, an important material in physics and chemistry, that has many applications in engineering including, significantly, batteries. First, the structures of the two known polymorphs, denoted as α-Ni(OH)2 and β-Ni(OH)2, are described. The various types of disorder, which are frequently present in nickel hydroxide materials, are discussed including hydration, stacking fault disorder, mechanical stresses and the incorporation of ionic impurities. Several related materials are discussed, including intercalated α-derivatives and basic nickel salts. Next, a number of methods to prepare, or synthesize, nickel hydroxides are summarized, including chemical precipitation, electrochemical precipitation, sol-gel synthesis, chemical ageing, hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis, electrochemical oxidation, microwave-assisted synthesis, and sonochemical methods. Finally, the known physical properties of the nickel hydroxides are reviewed, including their magnetic, vibrational, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. The last section in this paper is intended to serve as a summary of both the potentially useful properties of these materials and the methods for the identification and characterization of 'unknown' nickel hydroxide-based samples.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2014.0792

Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties.

The physics of fatigue crack initiation

Localized corrosion (pitting): A model of passivity breakdown including the role of the oxide layer nanostructure

Grain size effect in corrosion behavior of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni coatings in alkaline solution

https://www.surfacesciencewestern.com/wp-content/uploads/jesrp12_biesinger.pdf

Use of oxygen/nickel ratios in the XPS characterisation of oxide phases on nickel metal and nickel alloy surfaces

XPS and STM study of the growth and structure of passive films in high temperature water on a nickel-base alloy

https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/651/1/Viguier_651.pdf

Influence of oxide films on primary water stress corrosion cracking initiation of alloy 600

Strain mapping near a triple junction in strained Ni-based alloy using EBSD and biaxial nanogauges

The kinetics of passivation, in high temperature and high pressure water, of nickel-chromium-iron alloys (Alloy 600, Alloy 690) have been investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The samples have been exposed for short (0–8 min) and longer (0 – 400 hours) time periods to high temperature (325°C) and high pressure water, with boron and lithium, under controlled hydrogen pressure. The fit of the data for short passivation times by three classical kinetics models (parabolic, logarithmic and inverse logarithmic laws) and the extrapolation to longer times reveal that the kinetics of passivation (formation of the internal Cr2O3 layer) of Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 in high temperature and high pressure water are in good agreement with a logarithmic model.

Marc Foucault

Papers

XPS and STM study of the growth and structure of passive films in high temperature water on a nickel-base alloy

Influence of oxide films on primary water stress corrosion cracking initiation of alloy 600

Strain mapping near a triple junction in strained Ni-based alloy using EBSD and biaxial nanogauges

Kinetics of passivation of nickel-base alloys (Alloy 600 and Alloy 690) in high temperature water

Surface Layers on Alloys 600 and 690 in PWR Primary Water: Possible Influence on Stress Corrosion Cracking Initiation