世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, SCM, FAHA Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH Stephanie E. Chiuve, ScD Mary Cushman, MD, MSc, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, FAHA Rajat Deo, MD, MTR Sarah D. de Ferranti, MD, MPH James Floyd, MD, MS Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Cathleen Gillespie, MS Carmen R. Isasi, MD, PhD, FAHA Monik C. Jiménez, ScD, SM Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD Suzanne E. Judd, PhD Daniel Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Lynda Lisabeth, PhD, MPH, FAHA Simin Liu, MD, ScD, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Rachel H. Mackey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH, FAHA Robert W. Neumar, MD, PhD, FAHA Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS, FAHA Dilip K. Pandey, MBBS, MS, PhD, FAHA Ravi R. Thiagarajan, MD, MPH Mathew J. Reeves, PhD Matthew Ritchey, PT, DPT, OCS, MPH Carlos J. Rodriguez, MD, MPH, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, FAHA Comilla Sasson, MD, PhD, FAHA Amytis Towfighi, MD Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH Melanie B. Turner, MPH Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA Jenifer H. Voeks, PhD Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS John T. Wilkins, MD Jason HY. Wu, MSc, PhD, FAHA Heather M. Alger, PhD Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Paul Muntner, PhD, MHSc On behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/122776/1/gbd2016riskfactorscollaborators2017_3028.pdf

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

In 1974 an article appeared in Science magazine with the dry-sounding title “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” by a pair of psychologists who were not well known outside their discipline of decision theory. In it Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the world to Prospect Theory, which mapped out how humans actually behave when faced with decisions about gains and losses, in contrast to how economists assumed that people behave. Prospect Theory turned Economics on its head by demonstrating through a series of ingenious experiments that people are much more concerned with losses than they are with gains, and that framing a choice from one perspective or the other will result in decisions that are exactly the opposite of each other, even if the outcomes are monetarily the same. Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of our brain’s wiring.

Thinking fast and slow.

Background
In the quest for public and private resources, prevention continues to face a difficult challenge in obtaining tangible public and political support This may be partly because the economic evidence in favour of prevention is often said to be largely missing The overall aim of this paper is to examine whether economic evidence in favour of prevention does exist, and if so, what its main characteristics, weaknesses and strengths are We concentrate on the evidence regarding primary prevention that targets cardiovascular disease event or risk reduction

/pdf/the-economics-of-primary-prevention-of-cardiovascular-2ow67lghg8.pdf

The economics of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease - a systematic review of economic evaluations.

Public Acceptability of Government Intervention to Change Health-Related Behaviours

An estimated 1.25 million people are killed on the world’s roads every year, and between 20 and 50 million people are seriously injured. Every traffic crash is an individual loss. Existing estimates of the economic impact of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in the developing world are imprecise and rely on extrapolation from high-income settings. Since economic impact is an important factor in setting budget priorities for health policy makers and transport or urban planning officials, this gap in the global knowledge base has undermined government efforts to address RTIs. The present report represents an attempt to address this critical gap. Reframing the problem of RTIs in economic terms can be transformative, both among policymakers responsible for protecting the health and prosperity of their people, and among their development partners. The study shows significant welfare gains associated with the decrease of RTIs in the five developing countries when evaluated over a period of 24 years.

The high toll of traffic injuries : unacceptable and preventable

Unterscheiden sich die Praferenzen fur Einkommensungleichheit systematisch zwischen den Transformationslandern Mittel- und Osteuropa im Vergleich zu den etablierten Marktwirtschaften Westeuropas? Dieses Papier analysiert die Ergebnisse einer grossen internationalen Umfrage aus dem Jahre 1999. Insbesondere wird untersucht, ob sich die Einstellungen zum Thema Ungleichheit in Ost und West unterscheiden, nachdem fur die „konventionellen“ Determinanten dieser Einstellungen kontrolliert wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass dies in der Tat der Fall ist. Zehn Jahre nach dem Zusammenbruch des Kommunismus weist die Bevolkerung in den Transformationslandern eine signifikant „egalitarere“ Haltung auf als jene im Westen, insofern als sie weniger tolerant sind gegenuber gegenwartiger Einkommensungleichheiten, selbst nachdem fur das tatsachliche Niveau der Einkommensungleichheit sowie andere Einflussfaktoren kontrolliert wurde. Diese Ergebnisse scheinen auch nicht auf den relativ starken Anstieg der Ungleichheit wahrend der Transformation zuruckzufuhren zu sein, sondern konnen eher als ein Erbe aus der sozialistischen Zeit betrachtet werden. Dies hat wesentliche Implikationen fur den Grad an politischer Unterstutzung zukunftiger Reformpolitik, insbesondere die politische Umsetzbarkeit von Reformen des Wohlfahrtsstaats in den Transformationslandern.

/pdf/preferences-for-inequality-east-vs-west-4323zz8tu7.pdf

Preferences for Inequality: East vs. West

We assess the impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality on economic growth, using a dynamic panel growth regression framework taking into account potential endogeneity problems. In the worldwide sample we detect a non-linear influence of working age CVD mortality rates on growth across the per capita income scale. Splitting the sample (according to the resulting income threshold) into low- and middle-income countries, and high-income countries, we find a robust negative contribution of increasing CVD mortality rates on subsequent five-year growth rates in the latter sample. Not too surprisingly, we find no significant impact in the low- and middle-income country sample.

/pdf/are-cardiovascular-diseases-bad-for-economic-growth-1if4jx63qd.pdf

Marc Suhrcke

Papers

The economics of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease - a systematic review of economic evaluations.

Public Acceptability of Government Intervention to Change Health-Related Behaviours

The high toll of traffic injuries : unacceptable and preventable

Preferences for Inequality: East vs. West

Are cardiovascular diseases bad for economic growth