Computing with Words (CW) methodology has been used in several different environments to narrow the differences between human reasoning and computing. As Decision Making is a typical human mental process, it seems natural to apply the CW methodology in order to create and enrich decision models in which the information that is provided and manipulated has a qualitative nature. In this paper we make a review of the developments of CW in decision making. We begin with an overview of the CW methodology and we explore different linguistic computational models that have been applied to the decision making field. Then we present an historical perspective of CW in decision making by examining the pioneer papers in the field along with its most recent applications. Finally, some current trends, open questions and prospects in the topic are pointed out.

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Computing with words in decision making: foundations, trends and prospects

https://sci2s.ugr.es/sites/default/files/files/ScientificImpact/2012-Martinez-INS.pdf

An overview on the 2-tuple linguistic model for computing with words in decision making: Extensions, applications and challenges

The letter and/or sound combinations that make up a human language are limited by the human's ability to pronounce tnese sounds° Therefore, the standard library search, which as a rule looks for all possible combinations of letters to find a word, is wasteful. Certain letters simply cannot be followed by certain other letters and a search for them is senseless. Following this same line of reasoning, letters very frequently occur in the combinations that are germane to the particular language. The growing amount of alphanumeric information presently being stored on magnetic tape presents increasingly difficult problems in both the number of tape reels used and the time necessary to search this mass of information in order to extract pertinent literature. At the present time most of this literature on tape utilizes the standard IBM 6-bit code to express alphanumeric symbols. ~t is entirely feasible to record standard English literature on tape -be it professional abstracts or novels -using only approximately two-thirds of the binary bits utilized to represent the same piece of written material in the conventional code. This can be accomplished by setting up, in a 9-bit code, the 400-odd letter combinations occurring most frequently. A 9-bit representation allows the programmer to set up as many as 512 symbols, thus leaving sufficient leeway to assign symbols to the most frequentlyused words, mathematical symbols, professional expressions, that are expected to be encountered in the literature to be recorded. In addition, these relatively short 9-bit symbols can be assigned to all key words that it may be necessary to look for later, thereby accelerating any future library search.

Information storage and retrieval

Decision making is inherent to mankind, as human beings daily face situations in which they should choose among different alternatives by means of reasoning and mental processes. Many of these decision problems are under uncertain environments with vague and imprecise information. This type of information is usually modelled by linguistic information because of the common use of language by the experts involved in the given decision situations, originating linguistic decision making. The use of linguistic information in decision making demands processes of Computing with Words to solve the related decision problems. Different methodologies and approaches have been proposed to accomplish such processes in an accurate and interpretable way. The good performance of linguistic computing dealing with uncertainty has caused a spread use of it in different types of decision based applications. This paper overviews the more significant and extended linguistic computing models due to its key role in linguistic decision making and a wide range of the most recent applications of linguistic decision support models.

https://sci2s.ugr.es/sites/default/files/ficherosPublicaciones/1320_2010-ijcis-3-4art1.pdf

Computing with Words in Decision support Systems: An overview on Models and Applications

As in the Web, the growing of information is the main problem of the academic digital libraries. Thus, similar tools could be applied in university digital libraries to facilitate the information access by the students and teachers. In [46] we presented a fuzzy linguistic recommender system to advice research resources in university digital libraries. The problem of this system is that the user profiles are provided directly by the own users and the process for acquiring user preferences is quite difficult because it requires too much user effort. In this paper we present a new fuzzy linguistic recommender system that facilitates the acquisition of the user preferences to characterize the user profiles. We allow users to provide their preferences by means of incomplete fuzzy linguistic preference relation. We include tools to manage incomplete information when the users express their preferences, and, in such a way, we show that the acquisition of the user profiles is improved.

/pdf/dealing-with-incomplete-information-in-a-fuzzy-linguistic-1l8mqqynfk.pdf

Dealing with incomplete information in a fuzzy linguistic recommender system to disseminate information in university digital libraries

Information Retrieval Systems (IRSs) based on an ordinal fuzzy linguistic approach present some problems of loss of information and lack of precision when working with discrete linguistic expression domains or when applying approximation operations in the symbolic aggregation methods. In this paper, we present a new IRS model based on the 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach, which allows us to overcome the problems of ordinal fuzzy linguistic IRSs and improve their performance.

A fuzzy linguistic IRS model based on a 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach

Health care professionals produce abundant textual information in their daily clinical practice and this information is stored in many diverse sources and, generally, in textual form. The extraction of insights from all the gathered information, mainly unstructured and lacking normalization, is one of the major challenges in computational medicine. In this respect, text mining (TM) assembles different techniques to derive valuable insights from unstructured textual data so it has led to be especially relevant in medicine. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide an extensive review of existing techniques and resources to perform TM tasks in medicine. In this review, more than 90 relevant research studies have been analyzed, describing the most important practical applications, terminological resources, tools, and open challenges of TM in medicine.

An advanced review on text mining in medicine

The Inductive Query By Example (IQBE) paradigm allows a system to automatically derive queries for a specific Information Retrieval System (IRS) Classic IRSs based on this paradigm [Smith, M, & Smith, M (1997) The use of genetic programming to build Boolean queries for text retrieval through relevance feedback Journal of Information Science, 23(6), 423-431] generate a single solution (Boolean query) in each run, that with the best fitness value, which is usually based on a weighted combination of the basic performance criteria, precision and recallA desirable aspect of IRSs, especially of those based on the IQBE paradigm, is to be able to get more than one query for the same information needs, with high precision arid recall values or with different trade-offs between bothIn this contribution, a new IQBE process is proposed combining a previous basic algorithm to automatically derive Boolean queries for Boolean IRSs [Smith, M, & Smith, M (1997) The use of genetic programming to build Boolean queries for text retrieval through relevance feedback Journal of Information Science, 23(6), 423-431] and an advanced evolutionary multiobjective approach [Coello, C A, Van Veldhuizen, D A, & Lamant, GB (2002) Evolutionary algorithms for solving multiobjective problems Kluwer Academic Publishers], which obtains several queries with a different precision-recall trade-off in a single run The performance of the new proposal will be tested on the Cranfield and CACM collections and compared to the well-known Smith and Smith's algorithm, showing how it improves the learning of queries and thus it could better assist the user in the query formulation process

https://sci2s.ugr.es/sites/default/files/ficherosPublicaciones/0345_InformationProcessinManagement42-2006-615-632.pdf

Improving the learning of Boolean queries by means of a multiobjective IQBE evolutionary algorithm

Virtual learning environments (VLE) offer a continuous learning system where information, resources and experiences are always available. Currently, these systems are widely used as a support for face to face classes. In this sense, they make easier the communication with students and maintain activities and resources for the subject. This paper presents the design and development of a subject using an e-learning platform, analyses the number of hits by the students, and evaluates the students' performance. First, virtualization is presented using the Moodle platform and developing a learning model based on the development of cooperative and collaborative activities. Subsequently, a study on the impact of using this tool in the learning process is carried out.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of e-learning system as support for traditional classes

EL PRESENTE TRABAJO TRATA DE RECOPILAR EL MAYOR NUMERO POSIBLE DE DATOS ACERCA DE LA SISTOLE ELECTRICA AURICULAR Y LA DESPOLARIZACION Y REPOLARIZACION VENTRICULAR EN PORCINOS MEDIANTE UNA TECNICA NO INVASIVA COMO LA ELECTROCARDIOGRAFIA. EL ESTUDIO DE REVISION PRUEBA LA PECULIARIDAD DE LA ACTIVACION Y RECUPERACION CARDIACA, DEBIDO A LA DISTRIBUCION DE LAS FIBRAS DE PURKINJE POR EL MIOCARDIO VENTRICULAR QUE DEJAN PEQUENAS ZONAS LIBRES DE DICHAS FIBRAS DE CONDUCCION, ORIGINANDO MORFOLOGIAS DIVERSAS EN EL REGISTRO ELECTROCARDIOGRAFICO DEL CERDO. SE DESCRIBE, EN PRIMER LUGAR, LA SISTOLE ELECTRICA AURICULAR, LA DESPOLARIZACION Y REPOLARIZACION VENTRICULAR Y LOS FACTORES QUE LA INFLUYEN EN TALES PROCESOS; POSTERIORMENTE, SE INTENTA AGRUPAR EN LO POSIBLE LOS VALORES MEDIOS DE DURACION Y VOLTAJE, ASI COMO LAS DISTINTAS MORFOLOGIAS OBTENIDAS POR LA MAYORIA DE LOS AUTORES CONSULTADOS, CON OBJETO DE ESCLARECER TALES CONCEPTOS A TODOS AQUELLOS PROFESIONALES INTERESADOS EN LA ELECTROCARDIOGRAFIA DEL CERDO. EN ESTA REVISION SE CONSIDERAN LOS TRABAJOS DE TODOS AQUELLOS AUTORES QUE HAN REALIZADO ESTUDIOS ELECTROCARDIOGRAFICOS SOBRE DURACION, VOLTAJE Y MORFOLOGIA DE LOS COMPONENTES DE LA SISTOLE ELECTRICA AURICULAR, Y DESPOLARIZACION Y REPOLARIZACION VENTRICULAR, APRECIANDOSE UNA GRAN DIVERSIDAD EN LOS RESULTADOS DEBIDO, PRINCIPALMENTE, A LAS DIFERENTES RAZAS, EDADES Y PESOS DE LOS CERDOS OBJETO DE ESTUDIO, A LA UTILIZACION DE DISTINTOS SISTEMAS DE DERIVACION Y A LA GRAN VARIABILIDAD DE LAS CONDICIONES EXPERIMENTALES.

/pdf/revision-electrocardiografica-en-suidos-sistole-electrica-ym6d5f6c6m.pdf

María Dolores Rubio Luque

Papers

A fuzzy linguistic IRS model based on a 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach

An advanced review on text mining in medicine

Improving the learning of Boolean queries by means of a multiobjective IQBE evolutionary algorithm

An evaluation of the effectiveness of e-learning system as support for traditional classes

Revisión electrocardiográfica en suidos: sístole eléctrica auricular, despolarización y repolarización eléctrica ventricular.