PurposeThis paper aims to present a content analysis of two major constructs among tourism settings, namely involvement and emotions, strictly related to tourist behaviour, due to the fact that there are still some critical gaps in the knowledge about tourists' emotions and involvement.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth content analysis of involvement and emotions was adopted as the methodological approach. This methodology addressed an amalgam of different definitions, frameworks, mixed theoretical and practical applications and approaches, results, comparisons as well as a blend of a set of scales of involvement and emotions by confrontating of authors.FindingsThe major findings state that emotions and involvement demonstrate greater progress and scientific development to the level of tourism, marketing and consumer behaviour, representing an important issue for the integrated tourism experiences.Originality/valueThis study presents a critical reflection on the importance of emotions and involvement in specific contexts of leisure and tourism.

Factors influencing touristic consumer behaviour

Urban tourism has in the last 5 years grown expansively, especially in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean . Lisbon is no exception. In the last four years, there has been a major development in urban tourism, a trend that will certainly continue increasing thanks to being named the best ‘city break’ destination in 2017. Residents play a very crucial role in the development of cultural tourism. The literature indicates that when residents perceive tourism as beneficial there is a greater level of interaction between residents and visitors, and consequently loyalty to the destination. This article aims to analyze the level of interaction between tourists and residents and the extent to which this interaction will influence the residents’ perceptions regarding tourism’s social representation and community impacts. We chose Alfama for this case study because it is one of the most typical and historical neighborhoods of Lisbon and one of the most visited by tourists. We decided to use the following qualitative methods: direct observation, 24 residents’ interviews and one interview with a local association president. The results show a high level of interaction between visitors and residents, an ambiguous and contradictory social representation, and a positive perception of tourism impacts both economically, socioculturally and environmentally. Based on the results, we proposed some strategies directed to public powers, government and Lisbon City Council to adjust the city to these tourist demands in such a way that the destination remains different and authentic.

Impacts of Tourism in an Urban Community: The Case of Alfama

“Sensing” the destination: Development of the destination sensescape index

This study integrates the three-factor theory and Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) into a three-dimensional importance–performance analysis (3-D IPA) approach to identify the critical service quality attributes for hotel online booking. A seven-point Likert-type scale of service quality measurement was designed in the survey and the participants (foreign independent tourists) were randomly selected at Taoyuan International Airport, Taiwan. A total of 453 participants were identified. The classification of the factors was based on the explicit importance, while the implicit importance was measured with the relationship of satisfaction by using the ordered probit model. The results, compared to the traditional method of partial correlation analysis, were different in the dimensions of Fulfillment and Responsiveness, Safety and Security, Website Functionality, and Customer Relationships. In conclusion, this study broadens the perspective of research method and improves the performance evaluation of e-service quality attributes. The empirical results provide recommendations and policy implications for resource allocation of hotel management.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/2043/pdf

Application of Revised Importance–Performance Analysis to Investigate Critical Service Quality of Hotel Online Booking

To quantify the role of senses and emotions in creating memorable tourism experiences, we need measurement frameworks that match how memories are created. This study examines that process through directed-content qualitative analysis of tourist encounters with wildlife. Data are derived from: interviews with 20 experienced wildlife tourism experts in 12 countries; 3000 social media posts on tourism enterprise and wildlife encounter websites; and participant observations and records of 168 memorable encounters involving >100 wildlife species, >850 tourists, and ~10,000 h in total, ranging over five decades. Across all data sources, senses and emotions differed between tourist interests and personalities, wildlife species and behaviours, and encounter circumstances. All senses were reported, with the most frequent being sight, followed by sound and smell, and, rarely, touch or taste. Descriptions were fine-grained and complex. The emotions reported were awe, joy, wonder, delight, thrill, amazement, envy, aww (cute-emotion), surprise, elation, satisfaction, interest, boredom, disappointment, sadness, embarrassment, concern, pity, distress, disgust, anxiety, shock, alarm, fear, and panic. Some experiences generated powerful recalls persisting for decades. Short-term, intense, and finely detailed senses and emotions defined experiences, created memories, and determined satisfaction, wellbeing, and subsequent outcomes. More accurate methods are needed to measure and characterise senses, emotions, and memories in tourism experience.

/pdf/sensory-and-emotional-components-in-tourist-memories-of-qrd36is1.pdf

Sensory and Emotional Components in Tourist Memories of Wildlife Encounters: Intense, Detailed, and Long-Lasting Recollections of Individual Incidents

Place attachment may be a relevant outcome of place experiences, connected to positive emotions felt at rural destinations. Especially for rural areas, where a loyal client base is often crucial for the survival of small businesses, such sustainability-enhancing place attachment is most valuable. Recently, researchers' attention has focused on the role of sensorial experiences in triggering such positive emotions associated with the travel experience leading to enhanced place attachment. However, the type of travel context, namely the condition of being a ‘same-day visitor’ or ‘tourist’, should also shape these relations. The present study analyses the impact of sensorial experiences (distinguishing sight, sound, smell and touch) on positive emotions (delight and relaxation, for high versus low arousal) and place attachment, additionally distinguishing tourists from excursionists. The study uses data collected through a one-year survey in three Portuguese hinterland villages (N = 453). As expected, tourists showed more intense sensorial experiences when compared to excursionists. These sensorial experiences triggered emotions and enhanced place attachment. Place attachment was triggered only by delight for excursionists and, in contrast, only by relaxation for tourists, with partly distinct senses leading to these emotional responses for both groups. Globally, the attachment mediation model of senses – emotions – attachment accounted for substantial variation of place attachment among excursionists, but had a weak predictive power for tourists, suggesting that their stronger affective bonds to the place depend on other factors, including other type of affective responses. Results are further detailed and discussed, both theoretically and in terms of possible implications for sustainability-yielding rural destination management and marketing.

Place attachment through sensory-rich, emotion-generating place experiences in rural tourism

Os residentes sao importantes stakeholders da actividade turistica influenciando o processo de desenvolvimento dos destinos turisticos. Por sua vez, as areas urbanas sao importantes centros de turismo cultural, onde os residentes desempenham um papel crucial no desenvolvimento turistico. A literatura revela que quando os residentes percepcionam os beneficios do turismo desenvolvem atitudes favoraveis em relacao ao turismo que se poderao traduzir num maior nivel de interaccao com os visitantes. Um maior nivel de interaccao entre residentes e visitantes podera ter um impacte positivo ao nivel da satisfacao e fidelizacao dos visitantes aos destinos. Apesar da relevância desta tematica poucos estudos tem sido desenvolvidos para analisar a interaccao residente-visitante e os factores que influenciam essa interaccao. Pretende-se neste artigo analisar o nivel de interaccao entre residentes e visitantes em destinos urbanos e analisar os factores que influenciam essa interaccao, dando especial relevância a percepcao dos residentes dos impactes socio-culturais do turismo. Para concretizar estes objectivos foi administrado um questionario aos residentes da cidade de Aveiro, tendo sido obtidos 570 questionarios, e foram realizadas varias analises estatisticas, nomeadamente Analise de Componentes Principais, Analise de Correlacoes e Analise de Regressao Linear Multipla. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que o nivel de interaccao residente-visitante na cidade de Aveiro ainda nao e muito elevado. A percepcao dos beneficios socio-culturais do turismo emerge como o factor que tem maior impacte positivo no nivel de interaccao entre residentes e visitantes. Com base nos resultados obtidos apresenta-se um conjunto de orientacoes que os responsaveis pelo desenvolvimento dos destinos deverao ter em consideracao para promoverem o desenvolvimento sustentavel destes destinos.

/pdf/impactes-socio-culturais-do-turismo-em-destinos-urbanos-3ehrux4a2z.pdf

Impactes sócio-culturais do turismo em destinos urbanos

COVID-19, wine routes, crisis management and resilience amongst rural wine tourism businesses

O turismo rural tem suscitado muito interesse, devido ao seu potencial contributo para o
desenvolvimento sustentavel dos territorios em que ocorre. A experiencia em turismo rural
e bastante complexa, integradora de recursos, atracoes, servicos, pessoas e ambientes, sendo
vivida de modo grandemente subjetivo. Do ponto de vista do turista, esta experiencia integra
uma diversidade de experiencias antes, durante e depois da visita, expetativas e desejos, bem
como experiencias concretas no local, com dimensoes sensoriais, emocionais, comportamentais
e sociais, associadas a significados especificos. A compreensao da experiencia turistica, tambem
na sua dimensao sensorial, e muito relevante para a sua otimizacao e, consequentemente, para o
desenvolvimento de produtos e destinos rurais inovadores, apelativos, envolventes e distintivos
que contribuam positivamente para o desenvolvimento sustentavel do destino. Esta comunicacao
visa compreender sobretudo a experiencia sensorial vivida na Aldeia Vinhateira de Favaios e a
sua ligacao a outras dimensoes da experiencia turistica e ainda as respectivas implicacoes para o
desenvolvimento deste destino.

Maria João Carneiro

Papers

Place attachment through sensory-rich, emotion-generating place experiences in rural tourism

Impactes sócio-culturais do turismo em destinos urbanos

COVID-19, wine routes, crisis management and resilience amongst rural wine tourism businesses

Estimular a experiência turística sensorial num destino rural enoturístico: o caso de Favaios/ Portugal

The Economic Value of Cultural Tourism