체험마케팅(Experiential Marketing)의 오해와 진실

第１章 ＧＥＭ調査の概要（分析の枠組み；調査方法；起業活動の定義；起業活動率；起業活動と経済成長；起業の計画と失敗） 第２章 起業家と事業特性（起業家の背景；起業家の能力；事業特性；起業家教育） 第３章 起業の環境（社会的資源；起業家に対する評価；経済危機の影響；起業活動の投資環境） 第４章 専門家調査（資金調達；政府の方針；支援プログラム；教育システム；技術移転；コマーシャル・サービス；起業文化；事業機会；経営能力；起業家に対する評価；女性への支援；急成長への注目；イノベーションへの関心；調査結果） 第５章 政策への提

起業と経済成長 : global entrepreneurship monitor調査報告

Purpose – Facing the multiplication of entrepreneurship education programmes (EEP) and the increasing resources allocated, there is a need to develop a common framework to evaluate the design of those programmes. The purpose of this article is to propose such a framework, based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Design/methodology/approach – TPB is a relevant tool to model the development of entrepreneurial intention through pedagogical processes. The independent variables are the characteristics of the EEP and the dependent variables are the antecedents of entrepreneurial behaviour. To illustrate and test the relevance of the evaluation methodology, a pilot study is conducted. Findings – Data are consistent and reliable, considering the small scale of this experiment. The EEP assessed had a strong measurable impact on the entrepreneurial intention of the students, while it had a positive, but not very significant, impact on their perceived behavioural control. Research implications/limitations – This is a first step of an ambitious research programme aiming at producing theory-grounded knowledge. Reproduction of the experiment will allow researchers to test how specific characteristics of an EEP influence its impact and how the impact differs across several cohorts of students. Those comparisons will serve to improve a priori the design of EEP. Originality/value – The new methodology is built on a robust theoretical framework and based on validated measurement tools. Its originality is about a relative – longitudinal – measure of impact over time and a particular use of the theory of planned behaviour which is seen as an assessment framework.

Assessing the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education Programmes: A New Methodology

Examines the motivation for achievement as a psychological factor that shapes economic development. Refuting arguments based on race, climate, or population growth, the book instead argues for cultural customs and motivations - especially the motivation for achievement - as the major catalysts of economic growth. Considering the Protestant Reformation, the rise of capitalism, parents' influences on sons, and folklore and children's stories as shaping cultural motivations for achievement, the book hypothesizes that a high level of achievement motivation precedes economic growth. This is supported through qualitative analysis of the achievement motive, as well as of other psychological factors - including entrepreneurial behavior and characteristics, and available sources of achievement in past and present highly achieving societies. It is the achievement motive - and not merely the profit motive or the desire for material gain - that has advanced societies economically. Consequently, individuals are not merely products of their environment, as many social scientists have asserted, but also creators of the environment, as they manipulate it in various ways in the search for achievement. Finally, a plan is hypothesized to accelerate economic growth in developing countries, by encouraging and supplementing their achievement motives through mobilizing the greater achievement resources of developed countries. The conclusion is not just that motivations shape economic progress, but that current influences on future people's motivations and values will determine economic growth in the long run. Thus, it is most beneficial for a society to concentrate its resources on creating an environment conducive to entrepreneurship and a strong ideological base for achievement. (CJC)

The Achieving Society

Acknowledges Peter Drucker's place as a guru in management theory or business trend, well ahead of his peers. Discusses his part in developing the idea of privatization in the UK, as far back as 1970, in a Conservative Party policy document. Posits that management's biggest challenge is ‘what to do’ — especially in previously successful companies who have faced stagnation. Reasons this is because the organization's assumptions no longer fit reality regarding the organization's foundations. Uses three case studies of top companies (Marks & Spencer, IBM and General Motors) to explain the theory. Suggests hard work, not genius, is the cure, and conscientiousness, not being clever, is what CEOs are paid for.

The theory of the business

Understanding and managing the rural tourism experience — The case of a historical village in Portugal

Rural tourism is driven by the search for unique and memorable experiences in particular settings, but knowledge on visitors’ experiences in rural destinations is still scarce. This paper analyzes ...

The dimensions of rural tourism experience: impacts on arousal, memory, and satisfaction

Tourism has, in recent times, been advocated as a particularly efficient way to promote the development of the so-called less favoured regions, mostly inland and mountain, owing to its potential for employment and income creation and the synergies it is able to generate in other sectors of activity. Based on the results of empirical research carried out in two distinct inland zones of Portugal, this article tries to demonstrate that a wide gap and considerable contradictions are emerging between the rhetoric and the real benefits that tourism has been producing in the local societies and economies of these regions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Rural tourism and the development of less favoured areas—between rhetoric and practice

Place attachment may be a relevant outcome of place experiences, connected to positive emotions felt at rural destinations. Especially for rural areas, where a loyal client base is often crucial for the survival of small businesses, such sustainability-enhancing place attachment is most valuable. Recently, researchers' attention has focused on the role of sensorial experiences in triggering such positive emotions associated with the travel experience leading to enhanced place attachment. However, the type of travel context, namely the condition of being a ‘same-day visitor’ or ‘tourist’, should also shape these relations. The present study analyses the impact of sensorial experiences (distinguishing sight, sound, smell and touch) on positive emotions (delight and relaxation, for high versus low arousal) and place attachment, additionally distinguishing tourists from excursionists. The study uses data collected through a one-year survey in three Portuguese hinterland villages (N = 453). As expected, tourists showed more intense sensorial experiences when compared to excursionists. These sensorial experiences triggered emotions and enhanced place attachment. Place attachment was triggered only by delight for excursionists and, in contrast, only by relaxation for tourists, with partly distinct senses leading to these emotional responses for both groups. Globally, the attachment mediation model of senses – emotions – attachment accounted for substantial variation of place attachment among excursionists, but had a weak predictive power for tourists, suggesting that their stronger affective bonds to the place depend on other factors, including other type of affective responses. Results are further detailed and discussed, both theoretically and in terms of possible implications for sustainability-yielding rural destination management and marketing.

Place attachment through sensory-rich, emotion-generating place experiences in rural tourism

During the summer of 2020 intra-national mobility restrictions were lifted in most European countries, and domestic tourism partially cushioned the negative impacts of plunging international arriva...

Carlos Peixeira Marques

Papers

Understanding and managing the rural tourism experience — The case of a historical village in Portugal

The dimensions of rural tourism experience: impacts on arousal, memory, and satisfaction

Rural tourism and the development of less favoured areas—between rhetoric and practice

Place attachment through sensory-rich, emotion-generating place experiences in rural tourism

Rural tourism recovery between two COVID-19 waves: the case of Portugal