Marie-Josée Simard

TL;DR: It is suggested that the probability of gene flow from transgenic B. napus to R. raphanistrum to S. arvensis or E. gallicum is very low (<2–5 × 10–5) and transgenes can disperse in the environment via wild B. rapa in eastern Canada and possibly via commercial B.Rapa volunteers in western Canada.

TL;DR: Observations confirm the persistence of the HR trait over time, which occurred over a 6‐year period, in the absence of herbicide selection pressure, and in spite of the fitness cost associated with hybridization.

TL;DR: The rapid adoption of HR canola and soybean suggests a net economic benefit to farmers and there are no marked changes in volunteer weed problems associated with these crops, except in zero-tillage systems when glyphosate is used alone to control canola volunteers.

TL;DR: Producers should be made more aware of the potential short- and long-term problems associated with potential gene flow between different herbicide-tolerant canola (HT canola) varieties and also between HT canola and related weed species.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that overexpression of the herbicide target gene ACCase confers resistance to the herbicides, the first reported case of target gene duplication conferring resistance to a herbicide other than glyphosate.