Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Objective evaluation of the activity of electrocatalysts for water oxidation is of fundamental importance for the development of promising energy conversion technologies including integrated solar water-splitting devices, water electrolyzers, and Li-air batteries. However, current methods employed to evaluate oxygen-evolving catalysts are not standardized, making it difficult to compare the activity and stability of these materials. We report a protocol for evaluating the activity, stability, and Faradaic efficiency of electrodeposited oxygen-evolving electrocatalysts. In particular, we focus on methods for determining electrochemically active surface area and measuring electrocatalytic activity and stability under conditions relevant to an integrated solar water-splitting device. Our primary figure of merit is the overpotential required to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm–2 per geometric area, approximately the current density expected for a 10% efficient solar-to-fuels conversion device. Utilizing ...

Benchmarking Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

The boundary layer equations for plane, incompressible, and steady flow are 

$$\matrix{ {u{{\partial u} \over {\partial x}} + v{{\partial u} \over {\partial y}} = - {1 \over \varrho }{{\partial p} \over {\partial x}} + v{{{\partial ^2}u} \over {\partial {y^2}}},} \cr {0 = {{\partial p} \over {\partial y}},} \cr {{{\partial u} \over {\partial x}} + {{\partial v} \over {\partial y}} = 0.} \cr }$$

Boundary Layer Theory

Alloy negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries.

Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: A review

Determination of effective capacitance and film thickness from constant-phase-element parameters

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful tool to investigate properties of materials and electrode reactions. This Primer provides a guide to the use of EIS with a comparison to other electrochemical techniques. The analysis of impedance data for reduction of ferricyanide in a KCl supporting electrolyte is used to demonstrate the error structure for impedance measurements, the use of measurement and process models, as well as the sensitivity of impedance to the evolution of electrode properties. This Primer provides guidelines for experimental design, discusses the relevance of accuracy contour plots to wiring and instrumentation selection, and emphasizes the importance of the Kramers-Kronig relations to data validation and analysis. Applications of EIS to battery performance, metal and alloy corrosion, and electrochemical biosensors are highlighted. Electrochemical impedance measurements depend on both the mechanism under investigation and extrinsic parameters, such as the electrode geometry. Experimental complications are discussed, including the influence of nonstationary behaviour at low frequencies and the need for reference electrodes. Finally, emerging trends in experimental and interpretation approaches are also described.

/pdf/electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy-3e6x9qlxk6.pdf

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/643/1/jorcin_643.pdf

CPE analysis by local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: Orazem/Electrochemical

I. Theory Bryan Hirschorn,* Mark E. Orazem,** Bernard Tribollet,** Vincent Vivier,*** Isabelle Frateur, and Marco Musiani*** Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA Laboratoire Interfaces et Systemes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 du CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Surfaces, UMR CNRS-ENSCP 7045, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Chimie ParisTech, 75005 Paris, France Istituto per l’Energetica e le Interfasi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 35127 Padova, Italy

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.3499564/pdf

Mark E. Orazem

Papers

Determination of effective capacitance and film thickness from constant-phase-element parameters

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

CPE analysis by local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: Orazem/Electrochemical

Constant-Phase-Element Behavior Caused by Resistivity Distributions in Films I. Theory