Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide

Strong Closed-Shell Interactions in Inorganic Chemistry.

A method of making a thin film transistor comprises (a) solution depositing a dispersion comprising semiconducting metal oxide nanoparticles onto a substrate, (b) sintering the nanoparticles to form a semiconductor layer, and (c) optionally subjecting the resulting semiconductor layer to post-deposition processing.

Method for making electronic devices using metal oxide nanoparticles

A variety of spray pyrolysis (SP) techniques have been developed to directly produce ceramic powders from solutions. This paper reviews the current status of these processes in terms of the process parameters that enable the formation of particles with controlled morphology and composition. A model incorporating solute diffusion in the droplet and solvent evaporation from the droplet surface is presented to establish the critical parameters leading to solid particle formation. The model illustrates that solid particles can be obtained if solutes with high solubility and a large difference between the critical supersaturation and equilibrium concentration are used and if the process is designed to avoid solvent boiling. It is demonstrated that mixed metal oxide, non-oxide, and composite particles that are solid, hollow, porous, or fibrous can be produced by modifying the precursor characteristics, solution properties, and process parameters. The physical and chemical flexibility of SP processes offers numerous opportunities for the controlled synthesis of advanced ceramic powders and films. However, production rates are limited by the need to produce <5-[mu]m-diameter droplets and to avoid subsequent droplet coagulation. Developments in process controls, atomization, and system design are required for wider commercialization of SP-type processes.

Ceramic Powder Synthesis by Spray Pyrolysis

Performance of deep-submicrometer very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits is being increasingly dominated by the interconnects due to decreasing wire pitch and increasing die size. Additionally, heterogeneous integration of different technologies in one single chip is becoming increasingly desirable, for which planar (two-dimensional) ICs may not be suitable. This paper analyzes the limitations of the existing interconnect technologies and design methodologies and presents a novel three-dimensional (3-D) chip design strategy that exploits the vertical dimension to alleviate the interconnect related problems and to facilitate heterogeneous integration of technologies to realize a system-on-a-chip (SoC) design. A comprehensive analytical treatment of these 3-D ICs has been presented and it has been shown that by simply dividing a planar chip into separate blocks, each occurring a separate physical level interconnected by short and vertical interlayer interconnects (VILICs), significant improvement in performance and reduction in wire-limited chip area can be achieved, without the aid of any other circuit or design innovations. A scheme to optimize the interconnect distribution among different interconnect tiers is presented and the effect of transferring the repeaters to upper Si layers has been quantified in this analysis for a two-layer 3-D chip. Furthermore, one of the major concerns in 3-D ICs arising due to power dissipation problems has been analyzed and an analytical model has been presented to estimate the temperatures of the different active layers. It is demonstrated that advancement in heat sinking technology will be necessary in order to extract maximum performance from these chips. Implications of 3-D device architecture on several design issues have also been discussed with special attention to SoC design strategies. Finally some of the promising technologies for manufacturing 3-D ICs have been outlined.

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3-D ICs: a novel chip design for improving deep-submicrometer interconnect performance and systems-on-chip integration

The goal of this article is to review the reaction chemistry occurring in solution routes to multicomponent metal oxides (i.e. containing two or more metals) from metal-organic precursors. In this context, the metal-organic precursor is usually a metal alkoxide, metal [beta]-diketonate or metal carboxylate compound. In the preparation of multicomponent metal oxide compounds, a number of key issues should be addressed which relate to the structure, properties, and performance of the final ceramic material. These issues pertain to control over the stoichiometry, homogeneity, phase, and crystallinity, which relate directly to the structure and reactivity of the metal-organic precursors in homogeneous solutions and their fate in subsequent processing steps. Perovskite-phase multicomponent mixed-metal oxides have been chosen as the material to which these questions are addressed in this review. The discussion is organized in the following manner. The relevant properties of perovskite-phase materials are reviewed and the requirements for the materials produced from metal-organic precursors are identified. The synthesis of perovskite-phase materials is reviewed with specific attention on those reports where mechanistic insight is presented. Recent advances in relevant structural and reaction chemistry of metal-organic precursors necessary to interpret these observations is then presented, and finally, conclusions are drawn and directions formore » future work are discussed.« less

Chemical aspects of solution routes to perovskite-phase mixed-metal oxides from metal-organic precursors

CVD of aluminium tungsten copper from Cu(II) percursors copper from Cu(I) precursors gold and silver platinum, pallaium, and nickel assorted metals.

The Chemistry of Metal Cvd

Compositions and methods for the manufacture of electrodes for fuel cells. The compositions and methods are particularly useful for the manufacture of anodes and cathodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, particularly direct methanol fuel cells. The methods can utilize direct-write tools to deposit ink compositions and form functional layers of a membrane electrode assembly having controlled properties and enhanced performance.

Method of producing membrane electrode assemblies for use in proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cells

The invention relates to phosphor powders and a method for making phosphor powders. The powders are oxygen-containing, such as metal oxides, borates or titanates and have a small particle size, narrow particle size distribution and are substantially spherical. The method of the invention advantageously permits the continuous production of such powders. The invention also relates to improved devices, such as display devices, incorporating those shown by the figure, incorporating the phosphor powders.

Oxygen-containing phosphor powders, methods for making phosphor powders and devices incorporating same

Multi-component particles comprising inorganic nanoparticles distributed in an organic matrix and processes for making and using same. A flowing aerosol is generated that includes droplets of a precursor medium dispersed in a gas phase. The precursor medium contains a liquid vehicle and at least one precursor. At least a portion of the liquid vehicle is removed from the droplets of precursor medium under conditions effective to convert the precursor to the nanoparticles or the matrix and form the multi-component particles.

Mark J. Hampden-Smith

Papers

Chemical aspects of solution routes to perovskite-phase mixed-metal oxides from metal-organic precursors

The Chemistry of Metal Cvd

Method of producing membrane electrode assemblies for use in proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cells

Oxygen-containing phosphor powders, methods for making phosphor powders and devices incorporating same

Multi-component particles comprising inorganic nanoparticles distributed in an organic matrix and processes for making and using same