3.7. Palladium Nanoparticles as Catalysts 888 3.8. Other Transition-Metal Complexes 888 3.9. Transition-Metal-Free Reactions 889 4. Applications 889 4.1. Alkynylation of Arenes 889 4.2. Alkynylation of Heterocycles 891 4.3. Synthesis of Enynes and Enediynes 894 4.4. Synthesis of Ynones 896 4.5. Synthesis of Carbocyclic Systems 897 4.6. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Systems 898 4.7. Synthesis of Natural Products 903 4.8. Synthesis of Electronic and Electrooptical Molecules 906

https://www.chem.ccu.edu.tw/~joyce/referance/ericyang/Chem.%20Rev/Chem.%20Rev.%202007,%20107,%20874-922.pdf

The Sonogashira Reaction: A Booming Methodology in Synthetic Organic Chemistry†

B. Anionic Ligands 302 IX. Group 9 Catalysts 302 X. Group 10 Catalysts 303 A. Neutral Ligands 303 1. R-Diimine and Related Ligands 303 2. Other Neutral Nitrogen-Based Ligands 304 3. Chelating Phosphorus-Based Ligands 304 B. Monoanionic Ligands 305 1. [PO] Chelates 305 2. [NO] Chelates 306 3. Other Monoanionic Ligands 306 4. Carbon-Based Ligands 306 XI. Group 11 Catalysts 307 XII. Group 12 Catalysts 307 XIII. Group 13 Catalysts 307 XIV. Summary and Outlook 308 XV. Glossary 308 XVI. References 308

/pdf/advances-in-non-metallocene-olefin-polymerization-catalysis-abl2neq5j1.pdf

Advances in non-metallocene olefin polymerization catalysis.

Strong Closed-Shell Interactions in Inorganic Chemistry.

4.2.8. Reductive Coupling 3109 5. Reaction of Aromatic Compounds 3110 5.1. Electrophilic Substitutions 3110 5.2. Radical Substitution 3111 5.3. Oxidative Coupling 3111 5.4. Photochemical Reactions 3111 6. Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds 3111 6.1. Nucleophilic Additions 3111 6.1.1. Allylation 3111 6.1.2. Propargylation 3120 6.1.3. Benzylation 3121 6.1.4. Arylation/Vinylation 3121 6.1.5. Alkynylation 3121 6.1.6. Alkylation 3121 6.1.7. Reformatsky-Type Reaction 3122 6.1.8. Direct Aldol Reaction 3122 6.1.9. Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction 3124 6.1.10. Hydrogen Cyanide Addition 3125 6.2. Pinacol Coupling 3126 6.3. Wittig Reactions 3126 7. Reaction of R,â-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 3127

Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media with a Focus on Carbon−Carbon Bond Formations: A Decade Update

1.1. Context and Meta-Review
Despite the ubiquity of metallic gold (Au) in popular culture, its deployment in homogeneous catalysis has only recently undergone widespread investigation. In the past decade, and especially since 2004, great progress has been made in developing efficient and selective Au-catalyzed transformations, as evidenced by the prodigious number of reviews available on various aspects of this growing field. Hashmi has written a series of comprehensive reviews outlining the progression of Au-catalyzed reaction development,1 and a number of more focused reviews provide further insight into particular aspects of Au catalysis. A brief meta-review of the available range of perspectives published on Au catalysis helps to put this Chemical Reviews article in context.

The vast majority of reactions developed with homogeneous Au catalysts have exploited the propensity of Au to activate carbon-carbon π-bonds as electrophiles. Gold has come to be regarded as an exceedingly mild, relatively carbophilic Lewis acid, and the broad array of newly developed reactions proceeding by activation of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds has been expertly reviewed.2

Further reviews and highlights on Au catalysis focus on particular classes of synthetic reactions. An excellent comprehensive review of Au-catalyzed enyne cycloisomerizations is available.3 Even more focused highlights on hydroarylation of alkynes,4 hydroamination of C-C multiple bonds,5 and reactions of oxo-alkynes6 and propargylic esters7 provide valuable perspectives on progress and future directions in the development of homogeneous Au catalysis.

Most of the reviews on Au catalysis emphasize broad or specific advances in synthetic utility. Recently, we have invoked relativistic effects to provide a framework for understanding the observed reactivity of Au catalysts, in order to complement empirical advancements.8 In this Chemical Reviews article, we attempt to enumerate the ways in which selectivity can be controlled in homogeneous Au catalysis. It is our hope that lessons to guide catalyst selection and the design of new catalysts may be distilled from a thorough evaluation of ligand, counterion, and oxidation state effects as they influence chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity in homogeneous Au catalysis.

http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/toste/publications/cr068430g.pdf

Ligand effects in homogeneous Au catalysis.

Synthesis and structure of bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)diphosphene: isolation of a true phosphobenzene

The (π-allyl)palladium complex bearing an sp2-hybridized phosphorus ligand (DPCB-OMe:  1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-bis[(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)phosphinidene]cyclobutene) efficiently catalyzes direct conversion of allylic alcohols in the absence of activating agents of alcohols such as Lewis acids. N-Allylation of aniline proceeds at room temperature to afford monoallylated anilines in 90−97% yields. C-Allylation of active methylene compounds is also successful at 50 °C using a catalytic amount of pyridine as a base, giving monoallylation products in 85−95% yields. The catalytic mechanism involving hydrido- and (π-allyl)palladium intermediates has been proposed on the basis of stoichiometric examinations using model compounds of presumed intermediates.

Masaaki Yoshifuji

Papers

Synthesis and structure of bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)diphosphene: isolation of a true phosphobenzene

Synthesis and structure of bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)diphosphene: isolation of a true phosphobenzene

(π-Allyl)palladium Complexes Bearing Diphosphinidenecyclobutene Ligands (DPCB): Highly Active Catalysts for Direct Conversion of Allylic Alcohols

Additions and Corrections - Synthesis and Structure of Bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)diphosphene: Isolation of a True "Phosphobenzene"

Isolation of some sterically protected unsymmetrical diphosphenes: nature of the phosphorus-phosphorus double bond