In general, Micropower Impulse Radar (MIR) depends on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) transmission systems. UWB technology can supply innovative new systems and products that have an obvious value for radar and communications uses. Important applications include bridge-deck inspection systems, ground penetrating radar, mine detection, and precise distance resolution for such things as liquid level measurement. Most of these UWB inspection and measurement methods have some unique qualities, which need to be pursued. Therefore, in considering changes to Part 15 the FCC needs to take into account the unique features of UWB technology. MIR is applicable to two general types of UWB systems: radar systems and communications systems. Currently LLNL and its licensees are focusing on radar or radar type systems. LLNL is evaluating MIR for specialized communication systems. MIR is a relatively low power technology. Therefore, MIR systems seem to have a low potential for causing harmful interference to other users of the spectrum since the transmitted signal is spread over a wide bandwidth, which results in a relatively low spectral power density.

/pdf/response-to-fcc-98-208-notice-of-inquiry-in-the-matter-of-3attixctl7.pdf

Response to FCC 98-208 notice of inquiry in the matter of revision of part 15 of the commission's rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems

How to apply the moment method to wire antenna analysis evaluation of the basic performance of microstrip antennas key points in the design and measurement of microstrip antennas analysis of planar inverted-F antennas and antenna design for portable radio equipment design and analysis of small-aperture antennas design and measurement of small AM broadcasting antennas mutual coupling effects between antenna elements on antenna performance some considerations of small antenna measurements.

Analysis, design, and measurement of small and low-profile antennas

Due to the rapid development of wireless communication technologies, the number of wireless users are radically increasing. Currently, $\sim 23$ billion wireless devices are connected to the internet, and these numbers are expected to increase manifolds in the years to come. The technology growth of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems will be needed to meet this high demand of the network. 5G wireless systems offer data-rates of up to 10Gbps, 1-ms latency, and reduced power consumption. It is a known fact that 5G wireless systems will be exploiting beyond the presently used 3 GHz microwave and millimetre-wave (mm-wave) frequency bands. This is the primary driver in the development of the 5G wireless system. Multi-beam Phased array antenna (PAA) systems are typically used in the deployment of 5G systems for high-gain and directionality. In current 5G and future Beyond 5G (B5G) antenna array systems, beamforming networks (BFNs) such as the Butler Matrix (BM) will play a key role in achieving multi-beam characteristics. So, this paper presents an extensive review of the BM based BFNs, and discusses which type of BM will be suitable for the phased array antenna (PAA) systems in the upcoming 5G and next-generation of B5G wireless systems. Moreover, this paper also summarizes the different types of BM designs based on the number of layers. The BMs are classified into the bi-layer, tri-layer, and four-layer structures. It includes different techniques that have been used to solve the problem of crossing, narrow bandwidth, and size reduction of the BM. From the previous studies, it is found that most of the past research work was performed using the bi-layer BM system, whereas the difficult geometries like tri- and four-layer BM are avoided due to their complex fabrication process. It is also found in this paper that the metamaterial (MTM) based bi-layer BM achieves low insertion-loss and phase-error, excellent bandwidth and compact size, and good S-parameter performance, which makes them an ideal BFN candidate for the upcoming 5G and next-generation B5G systems.

/pdf/butler-matrix-based-beamforming-networks-for-phased-array-cdd5d4ds7p.pdf

Butler Matrix Based Beamforming Networks for Phased Array Antenna Systems: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions for 5G Applications

In this study, a coplanar waveguide-fed reconfigurable antenna using crescent-shaped fractal geometry is presented The frequency reconfigurable approach is obtained using radio-frequency positive intrinsic negative diodes, resistor, and inductors The proposed approach has successfully allowed reconfigurable switching up to eight frequency bands between 146 and 615 GHz Good results have been obtained in terms of stable and omnidirectional radiation patterns The realised gains of the antenna system, in these frequency bands, vary from 052 to 567 dBi The designed antenna has the advantages of a multiband structure and compact size over the previously reported structures The proposed antenna is suitable for future wireless application systems

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/iet-map.2018.5005

Compact coplanar waveguide-fed reconfigurable fractal antenna for switchable multiband systems

This article presents a circularly polarized 4-port Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs dielectric resonator-based antenna with two resonating bands for WLAN (5.0 GHz) and WiMAX (3.5 GHz) applications...

Design of dual band four port circularly polarized MIMO DRA for WLAN/WiMAX applications

In this article, a frequency reconfigurable fractal patch antenna using pin diodes is proposed and studied. The antenna structure has been designed on FR-4 low-cost substrate material of relative permittivity er = 4.4, with a compact volume of 30×30×0.8 mm3. The bandwidth and resonance frequency of the antenna design will be increased when we exploit the fractal iteration on the patch antenna. This antenna covers some service bands such as: WiMAX, m-WiMAX, WLAN, C-band and X band applications. The simulation of the proposed antenna is carried out using CST microwave studio. The radiation pattern and S parameter are further presented and discussed.

Design of reconfigurable fractal antenna using pin diode switch for wireless applications

In this Letter, a quarter cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (Q-CDRA) with a low profile and circular polarisation (CP) is presented for wideband and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The approach used to obtain a reduced wideband CP antenna is realised by deforming the geometry of the CDR to a quarter cylinder and using a quasi-spiral feedline to excite two resonant modes in phase quadrature (HEM
 11
and HEM
 12
). The proposed design exhibits a wide-impedance bandwidth (BW) of 34% (4.4-6.2 GHz) with a low measured coupling level<;-15 dB, and an axial ratio BW of 24.4% (4.5-5.75 GHz). The antenna gain is stable through the operating BW with a gain peak of 6.4 dBi. In addition, the antenna has a low cross-polarisation in the boresight direction with low envelope correlation coefficient<;0.03. The presented design is suitable for RHCP WLAN applications.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/el.2019.3138

Quarter cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with circular polarisation for wideband MIMO systems

In the present paper, a simple and compact a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-Fed hexagonal antenna has been presented. The proposed antenna is composed of a new fractal shaped slot with a hexagonal patch fed. The total size of the presented antenna is 14.5×16.5 mm2, which is designed on Rogers RO4350B substrate and having dielectric constant e r =3.66, a thickness of h=1.524 and loss tangent of 0.004. The impedance bandwidth, defined by −10 dB reflection coefficient. Hence, the simulated results get a proper agreement with an impedance bandwidth of 2.98 GHz to 11.4 GHz. The investigated antenna is suitable for UWB applications. The design validation of the fractal antenna has been achieved by using CST Microwave studio.

A compact CPW-Fed hexagonal antenna with a new fractal shaped slot for UWB communications

In this paper, a reconfigurable triple notched-band UWB (Ultra Wide Band) antenna is presented. This compact antenna covers the frequency range from 3.1 GHz to 11.21 GHz. In order to reject a three frequency bands including the WiMAX (3.2–3.6 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.85 GHz) and X band (7.25–8.395 GHz), we have inserted three different slots in the radiating patch; two C-shaped slots and a rectangular slot. To achieve the reconfiguration in the notched-band antenna, we have added a PIN diode in every slot to control these slots. The proposed antenna has a size of 30×30 mm2. The simulated results show a bandwidth with VSWR less than 2 and the radiation pattern is Omni-directional in XZ plane and bidirectional in YZ plane.

Reconfigurable triple notched-band ultra wideband antenna

In this paper, a novel design of Modified Sierpinski Gasket with hexagonal form is presented. The structure under study generates three frequency bands corresponding to the lower, middle, and upper bands including, 1.6-1.7 GHz (L-band), 1.71-1.88 GHz (DCS), 1.85-1.95 GHz (PCS/TD-SCDMA/LTE), 5.2/5.8 GHz (Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)) and 10 GHz (X-band applications). The realized gains of the antenna system, in these frequency bands, vary from 2.0 to 4.1 dBi. This antenna is suitable for multiband applications.

Massinissa Belazzoug

Papers

Design of reconfigurable fractal antenna using pin diode switch for wireless applications

Quarter cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with circular polarisation for wideband MIMO systems

A compact CPW-Fed hexagonal antenna with a new fractal shaped slot for UWB communications

Reconfigurable triple notched-band ultra wideband antenna

Design of Modified Sierpinski Gasket Fractal Antenna for Tri-band Applications